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La termorregulación fisiológica y conductual en el atún de ojos grandes (Thunnus obesus)
K N Holland1, R W Brill, R K Chang
1Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe 96744.
Nature
|July 30, 1992
Resumen
El atún de ojos grandes (Thunnus obesus) puede ajustar rápidamente su cuerpo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología Marina Biología Marina.
- Fisiología Fisiología Fisiología.
- Comportamiento animal Comportamiento animal.
Sus antecedentes:
- El atún es un pez teleost termoconservador único.
- Los intercambiadores de calor vasculares de contracorriente mantienen elevadas temperaturas corporales, mejorando la eficiencia muscular para la caza.
- Estudios anteriores no pudieron probar definitivamente la termorregulación rápida en el atún.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar las capacidades termorreguladoras del atún de ojos grandes (Thunnus obesus) en libertad.
- Para determinar si el atún puede alterar rápidamente la conductividad térmica de todo el cuerpo.
- Para entender cómo la termorregulación fisiológica y conductual expande los rangos de búsqueda de alimento.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizando datos telemetrados de atún de ojo grande en libertad.
- Analizar cambios en la conductividad térmica de todo el cuerpo.
- Correlación de los ajustes de conductividad térmica con ascensos a aguas superficiales más cálidas y descensos a profundidades más frías.
Principales resultados:
- El atún de ojos grandes puede alterar la conductividad térmica de todo el cuerpo en dos órdenes de magnitud.
- Los intercambiadores de calor se desconectan para un calentamiento rápido al ascender a aguas más cálidas.
- Los intercambiadores de calor se reactivan para la conservación del calor cuando regresan a aguas más profundas y frías.
Conclusiones:
- El atún de ojos grandes exhibe tanto termorregulación fisiológica como conductual.
- Esta estrategia combinada permite al atún ampliar su búsqueda de alimento en aguas frías y profundas.
- Los ajustes rápidos en la conductividad térmica son clave para la capacidad del atún de explotar diversos entornos térmicos.
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