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Conocimientos básicos de geometría en un grupo indígena amazónico
Stanislas Dehaene1, Véronique Izard, Pierre Pica
1INSERM-CEA Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 91401 Orsay Cedex, France. dehaene@shfj.cea.fr
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 21, 2006
Resumen
Este estudio revela que las intuiciones geométricas básicas, como la comprensión de puntos y líneas, son habilidades humanas innatas. Estos conceptos fundamentales de geometría aparecen incluso en grupos indígenas sin educación formal o lenguaje especializado.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Cognitivas Ciencias Cognitivas.
- La Antropología Antropología Antropología.
- Psicología del desarrollo Psicología del desarrollo.
Sus antecedentes:
- Investiga la universalidad de la comprensión geométrica a través de las culturas.
- Examina si la geometría es una capacidad humana innata o un conocimiento culturalmente adquirido.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar la presencia de intuiciones geométricas fundamentales en un grupo indígena aislado.
- Para determinar si los conceptos geométricos básicos existen independientemente de la educación formal, la representación simbólica o el vocabulario especializado.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó dos pruebas no verbales para evaluar las primitivas conceptuales geométricas.
- Estudió a niños y adultos del Mundurukú, un grupo indígena amazónico.
Principales resultados:
- Los participantes del Mundurukú demostraron el uso espontáneo de conceptos como puntos, líneas, paralelismo y ángulos rectos.
- Los participantes emplearon efectivamente la distancia, el ángulo y las relaciones de sentido en mapas geométricos para ubicar objetos.
Conclusiones:
- Proporciona evidencia de las intuiciones geométricas inherentes en los seres humanos.
- Sugiere que los conceptos básicos de geometría no dependen únicamente de la educación escolar, los símbolos gráficos o un rico léxico geométrico.
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