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Transición de bebés de peso extremadamente bajo al nacer de la adolescencia a la edad adulta temprana: comparación

Saroj Saigal¹, Barbara Stoskopf, David Streiner

¹Department of Pediatrics, and School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. saigal@mcmaster.ca

|February 10, 2006

Resumen

Los adultos jóvenes con peso extremadamente bajo al nacer (ELBW, por sus siglas en inglés) logran hitos adultos de manera similar a sus compañeros de peso normal al nacer (NBW, por sus siglas en inglés). La mayoría de los sobrevivientes de ELBW pasan con éxito a la edad adulta, demostrando resultados educativos y de vida comparables.

Área de la Ciencia:

Pediatría del desarrollo Pediatría del desarrollo.
Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sociología de la edad adulta.

Sus antecedentes:

Los marcadores tradicionales de la edad adulta exitosa incluyen educación, empleo, vida independiente, matrimonio y paternidad.
Los supervivientes con un peso de nacimiento extremadamente bajo (ELBW) pueden enfrentar desafíos en la transición a la edad adulta.
La comparación de individuos con ELBW y peso normal al nacer (NBW) proporciona información sobre las trayectorias de desarrollo a largo plazo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para comparar el logro de los marcadores de transición de adultos entre los adultos jóvenes ELBW y NBW.
Para determinar la edad a la que se alcanzan estos marcadores en ambos grupos.
Evaluar los resultados a largo plazo para las personas nacidas con ELBW.

Principales métodos:

Un estudio prospectivo, basado en la población, longitudinal se llevó a cabo en Ontario, Canadá.
Se evaluaron 166 ELBW (501-1000g de peso al nacer) y 145 participantes de NBW emparejados sociodemográficamente.
Los cuestionarios validados se administraron a través de entrevistas cara a cara a los 22-25 años de edad.

Principales resultados:

Las tasas de graduación de la escuela secundaria fueron similares (82% ELBW frente a 87% NBW).
No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el nivel educativo general, el empleo, la vida independiente, el matrimonio o las tasas de paternidad.
Si bien una mayor proporción de personas con discapacidad no estaban ni empleadas ni en la escuela, esta diferencia disminuyó cuando se excluyeron a las personas con discapacidad.

Conclusiones:

La mayoría de los bebés ex-ELBW con éxito la transición a la edad adulta.
Los sobrevivientes de ELBW demuestran resultados funcionales comparables a sus compañeros de NBW en la edad adulta temprana.
Los desafíos de la vida temprana asociados con ELBW no parecen obstaculizar significativamente el desarrollo adulto a largo plazo.

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