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Redes de regulación genética y la evolución de los planes de cuerpo animal
Eric H Davidson1, Douglas H Erwin
1Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. davidson@caltech.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 14, 2006
Resumen
La evolución de los planes corporales de los animales se basa en cambios en las redes reguladoras de genes (GRNs). Los componentes estables del "núcleo" dentro de las GRN pueden explicar la conservación de los principales planos del cuerpo desde la era precámbrica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología del desarrollo evolutivo Biología del desarrollo evolutivo
- Genética y genómica.
Sus antecedentes:
- El desarrollo del plan corporal animal se rige por complejas redes reguladoras de genes (GRNs).
- La evolución de los planos corporales está intrínsecamente vinculada a las alteraciones en la arquitectura de estos GRNs de desarrollo.
- Los componentes dentro de las GRN exhiben diferentes tasas y modos de evolución.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre la arquitectura de GRN y la evolución de los planos corporales de los animales.
- Para identificar componentes específicos de GRN que pueden ser resistentes al cambio evolutivo.
- Para explicar la conservación de los principales planos corporales observados en el registro fósil.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la organización jerárquica de las GRN en desarrollo.
- Identificación de los componentes de GRN con distintas funciones de desarrollo y estructuras internas.
- Análisis comparativo de la evolución de la GRN en diferentes filos de animales.
Principales resultados:
- Las GRN de desarrollo poseen estructuras jerárquicas donde los cambios pueden afectar los rasgos terminales o los principales aspectos morfológicos.
- Se identificó una clase de componentes de GRN, denominados "núcleos", como altamente resistentes al cambio debido a su función de desarrollo y estructura interna.
- La conservación de los planos de cuerpos fileticos a lo largo de la historia evolutiva puede atribuirse a la retención de estos núcleos de GRN.
Conclusiones:
- La evolución de los planos corporales de los animales está limitada por la arquitectura de las GRNs de desarrollo.
- Los núcleos GRN juegan un papel crucial en el mantenimiento de las características fundamentales del cuerpo.
- La estabilidad de los núcleos de GRN proporciona un mecanismo para la conservación a largo plazo de los principales planos corporales, como lo demuestra su establecimiento temprano en el período Cámbrico.
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