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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

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Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

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Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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Epilepsia en niños.

Renzo Guerrini1

  • 1Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pisa and IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56018 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy. renzo.guerrini@inpe.unipi.it

Lancet (London, England)
|February 14, 2006
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La epilepsia infantil afecta a 10,5 millones de niños en todo el mundo. Los avances en el diagnóstico y la comprensión de los síndromes de epilepsia han mejorado el manejo, aunque los nuevos medicamentos ofrecen beneficios limitados.

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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
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Electrophoretic Delivery of &#947;-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurología Pediátrica.
  • Epileptología epileptología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La epilepsia afecta a 10,5 millones de niños en todo el mundo, presentando diversos perfiles clínicos y etiológicos.
  • Los avances significativos en el diagnóstico orientado al síndrome, el EEG y la neuroimagen han mejorado la comprensión y el manejo de la epilepsia infantil durante 15 años.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar la comprensión actual de la epilepsia infantil, incluida su diversidad, causas y estrategias de manejo.
  • Para resaltar los desafíos en la comprensión de la expresión relacionada con la edad y los mecanismos de las encefalopatías epilépticas.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de los enfoques de diagnóstico clínico y etiológico, incluyendo EEG y neuroimagen.
  • Análisis de los recientes avances terapéuticos y opciones quirúrgicas para la epilepsia pediátrica.

Principales resultados:

  • La encefalopatía perinatal / postinfecciosa, la displasia cortical y la esclerosis del hipocampo son las principales causas de las epilepsias sintomáticas graves.
  • Los defectos de los canales iónicos contribuyen tanto a las encefalopatías epilépticas benignas como a las graves, y los mecanismos subyacentes para la expresión relacionada con la edad siguen sin estar claros.
  • Los nuevos fármacos antiepilépticos ofrecen beneficios limitados, pero una mejor selección de fármacos y la evitación de la politerapia han mejorado la calidad de vida.

Conclusiones:

  • Si bien las herramientas de diagnóstico han mejorado el manejo de la epilepsia infantil, la comprensión de los mecanismos subyacentes, particularmente para las encefalopatías epilépticas, requiere más investigación.
  • La selección optimizada de fármacos y el uso juicioso de la cirugía de epilepsia son cruciales para mejorar los resultados de los pacientes.
  • Se justifica una mayor investigación sobre la expresión de la epilepsia relacionada con la edad y los orígenes de las encefalopatías epilépticas.