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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
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Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Adhesión bacteriana y entrada en las células huésped.

Javier Pizarro-Cerdá1, Pascale Cossart

  • 1Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, F-75015 France. pizarroj@pasteur.fr

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|February 25, 2006
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Resumen

Los patógenos bacterianos se adhieren e invaden las células huésped utilizando máquinas moleculares especializadas. Esta intrincada interacción huésped-patógeno subvierte las funciones celulares, lo que lleva al establecimiento y la propagación de la enfermedad.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Microbiología Microbiología.
  • La patogénesis y la patogénesis.
  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular

Sus antecedentes:

  • La infección bacteriana se basa en la adhesión del patógeno, la colonización y la invasión de las células huésped.
  • La sofisticada maquinaria molecular bacteriana media las interacciones huésped-patógeno.
  • Estas interacciones conducen a la subversión de las funciones celulares y a la enfermedad.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para dilucidar los mecanismos moleculares que las bacterias emplean para establecer la infección.
  • Comprender cómo las adhesinas bacterianas y los sistemas de secreción facilitan la manipulación de las células huésped.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de las adhesinas e invasinas bacterianas.
  • Investigación de máquinas macromoleculares como los sistemas de secreción tipo III y los sistemas de secreción tipo IV.
  • Estudio del cruce molecular huésped-patógeno.

Principales resultados:

  • Las adhesinas e invasinas monoméricas son cruciales para el apego bacteriano inicial.
  • Máquinas complejas como los sistemas de secreción tipo III y los pili tipo IV permiten una colonización e invasión de tejidos más profundos.
  • Las bacterias subvierten efectivamente las funciones celulares del huésped a través de la crosstalk molecular.

Conclusiones:

  • Los patógenos bacterianos utilizan diversas estrategias moleculares para la adhesión, invasión y colonización de las células huésped.
  • La maquinaria bacteriana sofisticada juega un papel clave en la subversión de las defensas del huésped y el establecimiento de la enfermedad.
  • Comprender estos mecanismos es vital para desarrollar nuevas terapias anti-infecciosas.