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Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
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The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
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If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
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In electrostatics, the electric field can be written as the negative gradient of the potential. In magnetostatics, the zero divergence of the magnetic field ensures that the magnetic field can be expressed as the curl of a vector potential. This potential is known as the magnetic vector potential.
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Un chorro magnéticamente colimado de una estrella evolucionada.

Wouter H T Vlemmings1, Philip J Diamond, Hiroshi Imai

  • 1Jodrell Bank Observatory, University of Manchester, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, UK. wouter@jb.man.ac.uk

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|March 3, 2006
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Se observaron campos magnéticos para colimar chorros de una estrella evolucionada, lo que explica las formas asimétricas de las nebulosas planetarias. Este estudio proporciona la primera evidencia directa de la influencia del campo magnético en los chorros estelares.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La astronomía y la astrofísica.
  • Evolución Estelar Evolución Estelar
  • La magnetohidrodinámica es una dinámica magnético-hidrodinámica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las nebulosas planetarias a menudo exhiben formas asimétricas, un fenómeno que no se explica fácilmente con las estrellas progenitoras simétricas.
  • Los modelos teóricos sugieren que los chorros colimados de estrellas evolucionadas pueden causar estas asimetrías.
  • Se supone que los campos magnéticos son el mecanismo principal para colimar estos chorros, similar a su papel en los núcleos galácticos activos y las salidas protoestelares.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Proporcionar evidencia observacional directa para el papel de los campos magnéticos en la colimación de chorros estelares.
  • Para investigar las propiedades del campo magnético dentro del chorro de precesión de la estrella gigante asintótica W43A.

Principales métodos:

  • Las mediciones de la polarización del maser de vapor de agua se utilizaron para sondear el campo magnético.
  • Las observaciones se centraron en los cúmulos de maser ubicados en las puntas de los chorros que emanan de W43A.
  • El estudio analizó la dirección y la fuerza del campo magnético dentro del chorro.

Principales resultados:

  • El estudio midió con éxito la polarización de los máseres de vapor de agua en el chorro de la estrella W43A.
  • Estas masas se encontraron en dos cúmulos en puntas de chorro opuestas, aproximadamente a 1.000 unidades astronómicas de la estrella.
  • Los datos indicaron la presencia de un campo magnético significativo y alineado para colimar el chorro.

Conclusiones:

  • Los hallazgos proporcionan la primera evidencia observacional directa de que los campos magnéticos coliman chorros astrofísicos.
  • Esto confirma la hipótesis de que los campos magnéticos juegan un papel crucial en la conformación de las nebulosas planetarias a través de la colimación de chorros.
  • El estudio avanza nuestra comprensión de la evolución estelar en etapa tardía y la física de las salidas de las estrellas evolucionadas.