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El perfil de expresión en primates revela una rápida evolución de los factores de transcripción humanos
Yoav Gilad1, Alicia Oshlack, Gordon K Smyth
1Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA. gilad@uchicago.edu
Nature
|March 10, 2006
Resumen
Los investigadores estudiaron la evolución de la expresión génica en los primates. Encontraron evidencia de estabilización de la selección manteniendo la expresión constante en algunos genes, mientras que la selección direccional alteró la expresión en el linaje humano, particularmente para los factores de transcripción.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- La genómica es la genómica.
- Biología molecular La biología molecular.
Sus antecedentes:
- Se supone que las adaptaciones humanas surgen de cambios en la regulación génica.
- La comprensión de la selección natural sobre la regulación génica en los primates es limitada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar los genes que evolucionan bajo la selección natural.
- Para investigar los modos de selección que actúan sobre la regulación génica en los primates.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó una matriz de ADN complementario de múltiples especies.
- Se compararon los niveles de ARN mensajero (ARNm) en los tejidos hepáticos de humanos, chimpancés, orangutanes y macacos rhesus.
- Empleó un modelo mixto lineal para el análisis filogenético.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron genes con expresión estable a lo largo de ~70 millones de años, lo que sugiere una selección estabilizadora.
- Se detectaron genes con cambios de expresión específicos del ser humano, lo que indica una selección direccional.
- Se encontró un enriquecimiento de factores de transcripción entre los genes con aumento de la expresión específica humana.
Conclusiones:
- La expresión génica es un objetivo de la selección natural en los primates.
- La estabilización y la selección direccional han dado forma a la regulación génica.
- Los cambios regulatorios específicos del ser humano pueden involucrar factores de transcripción e impactar la evolución.
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