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Un importante cambio de ecosistema en el norte del Mar de Bering
Jacqueline M Grebmeier1, James E Overland, Sue E Moore
1Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 10515 Research Drive, Building A, Suite 100, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA. jgrebmei@utk.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 11, 2006
Resumen
Los ecosistemas del norte del Mar de Bering están cambiando rápidamente, con menos hielo marino y aguas más cálidas que afectan a la vida marina. Estos cambios están alterando las redes alimentarias y las poblaciones de animales en esta vital región del Ártico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología marina ecología marina.
- Oceanografía del Ártico Oceanografía del Ártico
- Los impactos del cambio climático impactos del cambio climático.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los ecosistemas del norte del Mar de Bering históricamente han presentado un extenso hielo marino, una alta producción de carbono y un fuerte acoplamiento pelágico-béntrico.
- Estas características definieron la estructura y función ecológica de la región durante décadas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Documentar y analizar los cambios ecológicos en curso en el norte del mar de Bering.
- Para correlacionar los cambios biológicos observados con el clima regional y el forzamiento oceanográfico.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos ecológicos y oceanográficos a largo plazo del norte del mar de Bering.
- Monitoreo de la estructura de la comunidad biológica, incluyendo mamíferos marinos, peces y presas bentónicas.
- Evaluación de la extensión del hielo marino, la temperatura del agua y las condiciones atmosféricas.
Principales resultados:
- Los ecosistemas se están alejando de las características históricas, incluida la reducción del hielo marino y el aumento de las temperaturas.
- Se observaron cambios significativos en las comunidades biológicas, incluido el desplazamiento de mamíferos marinos y cambios en la disponibilidad de presas.
- Se observó un aumento en la abundancia de las poblaciones de peces pelágicos junto con disminuciones en las presas bentónicas.
Conclusiones:
- Los cambios observados indican un cambio fundamental del ecosistema en el norte del mar de Bering.
- Estas alteraciones están vinculadas a cambios regionales atmosféricos e hidrográficos.
- Se espera que los impactos se extiendan a través del Océano Ártico, influenciado por el Pacífico.
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