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Cambio climático y salud humana: riesgos presentes y futuros.
Anthony J McMichael1, Rosalie E Woodruff, Simon Hales
1National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia. tony.mcmichael@anu.edu.au
Lancet (London, England)
|March 15, 2006
Resumen
Las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero causadas por el hombre están cambiando el clima de la Tierra, lo que lleva a efectos adversos para la salud. Esta revisión resume la evidencia sobre los impactos del cambio climático en la salud y los riesgos futuros, informando las políticas y las estrategias de adaptación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Ambiental Salud del medio ambiente.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
Sus antecedentes:
- El consenso científico confirma que las actividades humanas, principalmente las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, están alterando el clima global.
- El reciente calentamiento global de 0,5°C se atribuye en parte a las emisiones antropogénicas.
- El cambio climático plantea riesgos significativos, predominantemente adversos, para la salud humana.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Resumir la evidencia epidemiológica sobre las variaciones climáticas y las tendencias que afectan a los resultados de salud.
- Evaluar la evidencia existente sobre el impacto del reciente calentamiento global en la salud.
- Revisar los efectos futuros proyectados del cambio climático en la salud.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la evidencia epidemiológica que vincula las variaciones climáticas con los resultados de salud.
- Evaluación de estudios sobre los impactos en la salud del reciente calentamiento global.
- Compilación de estimaciones publicadas para los efectos futuros del cambio climático en la salud.
Principales resultados:
- Las variaciones y tendencias climáticas afectan de manera demostrable a varios resultados de salud.
- La evidencia limitada sugiere que el reciente calentamiento global ya ha impactado en algunos resultados de salud.
- Las proyecciones futuras indican un amplio espectro de riesgos para la salud, incluido el estrés térmico, las enfermedades infecciosas y las interrupciones por los cambios sociales y económicos.
Conclusiones:
- Los efectos adversos para la salud del cambio climático están respaldados por evidencia epidemiológica y proyecciones futuras.
- Anticipar estos riesgos para la salud refuerza la lógica de las políticas climáticas proactivas.
- Comprender estos impactos es crucial para priorizar las estrategias de salud adaptativas.
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