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Comunicación ultrasónica en las ranas.

Albert S Feng1, Peter M Narins, Chun-He Xu

  • 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology & Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. afeng1@uiuc.edu

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Se descubrió la comunicación y la audición por ultrasonidos en la rana torrencial de orejas cóncavas (Amolops tormotus), un anfibio. Esto desafía la noción de que solo los mamíferos usan el ultrasonido para la comunicación, probablemente evolucionando para superar los ambientes ruidosos de las corrientes.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La bioacústica es la bioacústica.
  • Comunicación con los animales Comunicación con los animales
  • Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La producción y detección de sonido ultrasónico (>20 kHz) se conocía previamente solo en unos pocos grupos de mamíferos (murciélagos, cetáceos, roedores).
  • La mayoría de los anfibios, reptiles y aves tienen una audición limitada (<12 kHz).
  • La rana del torrente de orejas cóncavas (Amolops tormotus) habita en arroyos ruidosos y de rápido flujo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la comunicación ultrasónica y la audición en el anfibio Amolops tormotus.
  • Para determinar si las vocalizaciones ultrasónicas se utilizan para la comunicación o son un subproducto de la producción de sonido.
  • Para entender los impulsores evolutivos de las capacidades ultrasónicas en esta especie.

Principales métodos:

  • Experimentos de reproducción acústica de campo en el hábitat natural del Amolops tormotus.
  • Análisis de vocalizaciones para componentes ultrasónicos.
  • Grabaciones electrofisiológicas de las respuestas auditivas del cerebro medio.

Principales resultados:

  • Los machos de Amolops tormotus producen llamadas parecidas a las de las aves con frecuencias ultrasónicas.
  • Tanto los componentes audibles como los ultrasónicos de las llamadas provocaron respuestas vocales de los machos.
  • El cerebro medio auditivo confirmó la capacidad auditiva ultrasónica en Amolops tormotus y una especie simpátrica.

Conclusiones:

  • Los anfibios poseen comunicaciones ultrasónicas y capacidades auditivas, que antes se pensaba que estaban limitadas a los mamíferos.
  • La evolución de las capacidades ultrasónicas en Amolops tormotus es probablemente una respuesta al intenso ruido ambiental de baja frecuencia.
  • Esto representa una evolución independiente de la percepción ultrasónica en un linaje de vertebrados distinto.