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El esfuerzo físico, el ejercicio y la muerte súbita cardíaca en mujeres
William Whang1, JoAnn E Manson, Frank B Hu
1Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
JAMA
|March 23, 2006
Resumen
La muerte cardíaca súbita durante el esfuerzo es rara en las mujeres. El ejercicio regular de moderado a vigoroso minimiza este riesgo y reduce el riesgo de muerte cardíaca súbita a largo plazo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cardiología Cardiología.
- Fisiología del ejercicio Fisiología del ejercicio
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- El ejercicio está relacionado con la reducción de eventos cardiovasculares, pero puede aumentar transitoriamente el riesgo de arritmia.
- El impacto a corto y largo plazo del ejercicio sobre el riesgo de muerte cardíaca súbita (MCS) en las mujeres sigue sin estar claro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para comparar el riesgo de ECS durante el esfuerzo moderado a vigoroso frente a un esfuerzo más ligero / no en las mujeres.
- Evaluar la asociación a largo plazo entre el ejercicio regular moderado a vigoroso y el riesgo de ECS.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal prospectivo y anidado de 288 casos de ECS dentro del Estudio de Salud de las Enfermeras (1980-2004).
- Un análisis prospectivo de cohorte de 69.693 mujeres sin enfermedad cardiovascular previa (1986-2004).
Principales resultados:
- El riesgo absoluto de SCD durante el esfuerzo es muy bajo (1 por 36,5 millones de horas).
- El esfuerzo moderado a vigoroso elevó transitoriamente el riesgo de ECS (RR 2.38), pero esto se mitigó al hacer ejercicio ≥2 horas/semana.
- Las cantidades más altas de ejercicio se correlacionan con un menor riesgo de ECS a largo plazo, particularmente para aquellos que hacen ejercicio ≥4 horas/semana (aRR 0.41).
Conclusiones:
- La muerte cardíaca súbita durante el esfuerzo es un evento extremadamente raro en las mujeres.
- La actividad física regular parece reducir significativamente el riesgo transitorio de SCD durante el esfuerzo.
- El ejercicio constante puede reducir el riesgo general a largo plazo de muerte súbita cardíaca en las mujeres.
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