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Capacidad intelectual y desarrollo cortical en niños y adolescentes
P Shaw1, D Greenstein, J Lerch
1Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20182, USA. shawp@mail.nih.gov
Nature
|March 31, 2006
Resumen
La inteligencia en los niños está vinculada a cómo funciona su cerebro.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Psicología del desarrollo Psicología del desarrollo.
- Ciencias Cognitivas Ciencias Cognitivas.
Sus antecedentes:
- La inteligencia general es un rasgo estable, pero su base neuroanatómica en el desarrollo del cerebro no está clara.
- Investigaciones anteriores no han aclarado completamente la relación entre la estructura cerebral y la inteligencia en los niños.
- Comprender los fundamentos neuronales de la inteligencia es crucial para los estudios de desarrollo cognitivo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los correlatos neuroanatómicos de la inteligencia general en niños y adolescentes.
- Para determinar si el grosor cortical o su trayectoria de desarrollo está más estrechamente asociado con la inteligencia.
- Explorar los cambios dinámicos en la estructura cerebral relacionados con el desarrollo intelectual.
Principales métodos:
- Diseño de estudio longitudinal que rastrea el desarrollo del cerebro a lo largo del tiempo.
- Análisis de los cambios en el grosor de la corteza cerebral en relación con la inteligencia.
- Centrarse en los cambios en el desarrollo en la correlación entre el grosor cortical y la inteligencia.
Principales resultados:
- La trayectoria del cambio de grosor cortical, no el grosor estático, se correlaciona con la inteligencia.
- Se produce un cambio en el desarrollo de una correlación negativa a positiva entre la inteligencia y el grosor cortical.
- La inteligencia está asociada con la trayectoria del desarrollo cortical, especialmente en las regiones frontales.
Conclusiones:
- La expresión neuroanatómica de la inteligencia en los niños es dinámica, no estática.
- El desarrollo cortical acelerado y el posterior adelgazamiento caracterizan a los niños más inteligentes.
- La plasticidad cerebral juega un papel importante en el desarrollo de la inteligencia general.
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