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El análisis de la OMS de las causas de la muerte materna: una revisión sistemática
Khalid S Khan1, Daniel Wojdyla2, Lale Say3
1Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|April 4, 2006
Resumen
Reducir las muertes maternas a nivel mundial requiere comprender las causas. La hemorragia y los trastornos hipertensivos son las principales causas en los países en desarrollo, lo que hace necesarias políticas específicas de salud reproductiva.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Global La salud global.
- Salud reproductiva y salud reproductiva.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La reducción de la mortalidad materna es un objetivo clave de desarrollo mundial.
- Los datos confiables sobre las causas de la mortalidad materna son cruciales para las políticas de salud eficaces.
- Esta revisión sistemática aborda la distribución de las causas de muerte materna.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente y determinar la distribución de las causas de las muertes maternas a nivel mundial.
- Analizar las variaciones regionales e identificar las principales causas de mortalidad materna.
- Informar políticas y programas de salud reproductiva basados en la evidencia.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de 34 conjuntos de datos que representan 35.197 muertes maternas.
- Análisis de las causas comunes de muerte (hemorragia, trastornos hipertensivos, sepsis, aborto, etc.) En el caso de las personas que se encuentran en situación de exclusión social.
- Examen de las causas individuales para evaluar la heterogeneidad regional y metodológica.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron variaciones regionales significativas en las causas de muerte materna.
- La hemorragia fue la causa principal en África y Asia; trastornos hipertensivos en América Latina y el Caribe.
- El aborto y la sepsis contribuyeron significativamente a las muertes maternas en regiones específicas, particularmente en los países en desarrollo.
Conclusiones:
- Las hemorragias y los trastornos hipertensivos son los principales impulsores de la mortalidad materna en los países en desarrollo.
- Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de estrategias regionales específicas de salud reproductiva.
- Mejorar la calidad de los estudios de la carga de la enfermedad es vital para las futuras estimaciones e intervenciones.
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