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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
08:19

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 19, 2011

Evolución morfológica repetida a través de cambios cis-reguladores en un gen pleiotrópico.

Benjamin Prud'homme1, Nicolas Gompel, Antonis Rokas

  • 1University of Wisconsin and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bock Laboratories, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

Nature
|April 21, 2006
PubMed
Resumen

La evolución independiente de rasgos complejos, como los patrones de alas en Drosophila, a menudo implica el mismo gen, amarillo. Los cambios regulatorios en los elementos cis-regulatorios (CREs) impulsan estas ganancias y pérdidas repetidas, dando forma a la novedad evolutiva.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
  • Genética del desarrollo genética del desarrollo.
  • Evolución molecular de la evolución molecular.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Es común la evolución independiente de rasgos similares (similaridades morfológicas).
  • Para los rasgos simples, las mutaciones en el mismo gen pueden explicar la evolución repetida.
  • Para los rasgos complejos, las vías genéticas son menos comprendidas, especialmente los mecanismos y restricciones moleculares.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los mecanismos moleculares detrás de la evolución independiente de los rasgos complejos.
  • Determinar la medida en que las vías genéticas están restringidas para la evolución de rasgos complejos.
  • Analice la evolución de un patrón de pigmentación del ala masculina en un clado de Drosophila.

Principales métodos:

  • La genómica comparada es una genómica comparada.
  • Análisis funcional de los elementos cis-reguladores (ECR)
  • Estudios de evolución molecular en Drosophila.

Principales resultados:

  • Un patrón de pigmentación del ala masculina se ganó y perdió varias veces en Drosophila.
  • Tanto las ganancias como las pérdidas involucraron cambios regulatorios en el gen pleiotrópico. amarillo.
  • Las pérdidas resultaron de la inactivación paralela de la misma CRE; las ganancias implicaron la cooptación de distintas CREs ancestrales.

Conclusiones:

  • La diversificación funcional de los CREs modulares en los genes pleiotrópicos impulsa la novedad evolutiva.
  • Este mecanismo explica la evolución independiente de las similitudes morfológicas.
  • Comprender las CREs proporciona información sobre la base genética de la adaptación y la especiación.