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Virología molecular: ¿la gripe aviar de 1918 fue de origen aviar?
Janis Antonovics1, Michael E Hood, Christi Howell Baker
1Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. ja8n@virginia.edu
Nature
|April 28, 2006
Resumen
La evidencia filogenética no apoya completamente la afirmación de que el virus de la influenza de 1918 se originó directamente de una fuente aviar y se adaptó a los humanos. Se necesita más investigación para aclarar los orígenes del virus y la dinámica de transmisión.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología Virología.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- La pandemia de influenza de 1918 sigue siendo un evento significativo en la historia de la salud pública.
- Taubenberger y otros. propuso un origen aviar para el virus de la gripe de 1918, con una rápida adaptación a los seres humanos.
- Esta hipótesis ha ganado fuerza tanto en el discurso científico como en el popular.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar críticamente la evidencia filogenética que apoya el origen aviar del virus de la gripe de 1918.
- Desafiar la conclusión ampliamente aceptada con respecto a la adaptación del virus poco antes de la pandemia.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis filogenético de secuencias genéticas virales.
- Revisión e interpretación de los datos evolutivos existentes para el virus de la influenza de 1918.
Principales resultados:
- La evidencia filogenética presentada no apoya de manera concluyente la afirmación de una fuente aviar adaptada a los humanos.
- Las interpretaciones alternativas de las vías evolutivas son posibles.
Conclusiones:
- La conclusión ampliamente difundida con respecto a la adaptación aviar del virus de la influenza de 1918 carece de un sólido apoyo filogenético.
- Se necesita más investigación para determinar definitivamente los orígenes y la trayectoria evolutiva del virus de la gripe pandémica de 1918.
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