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Programa cubano para la prevención de la enfermedad de células falciformes
H Granda1, S Gispert, A Dorticós
1National Centre of Medical Genetics, Higher Institute of Medical Science, Havana, Cuba.
Lancet (London, England)
|January 19, 1991
Resumen
Cuba Cuba Cuba Cuba fue
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genética médica La genética médica.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Hematología Hematología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las tasas de portadores de genes de células falciformes en Cuba varían regionalmente (3-7%).
- En 1983 se puso en marcha un programa nacional de control de la enfermedad de células falciformes.
- El programa integró educación, detección, asesoramiento y diagnóstico prenatal.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para evaluar la efectividad del programa nacional de control de la enfermedad de células falciformes de Cuba.
- Informar sobre los resultados del cribado y el impacto del asesoramiento genético y el diagnóstico prenatal.
Principales métodos:
- Cribado nacional de mujeres embarazadas y padres para detectar hemoglobina anormal.
- Asesoramiento genético para parejas en riesgo.
- Diagnóstico prenatal para embarazos en riesgo.
- La interrupción del embarazo basada en los resultados del diagnóstico prenatal.
Principales resultados:
- Se examinaron 806.935 mujeres embarazadas, identificando el 3,7% con hemoglobina anormal.
- Se evaluaron 19.686 padres, detectando 1268 parejas en riesgo.
- Realizó el diagnóstico prenatal en 531 embarazos, confirmando 98 fetos afectados (SS o SC).
- Terminó 72 embarazos con fetos afectados.
Conclusiones:
- El programa cubano de control de la enfermedad de células falciformes identificó con éxito parejas en riesgo y fetos afectados.
- El diagnóstico prenatal y la posterior interrupción del embarazo impactaron significativamente la prevalencia de la enfermedad.
- El programa demuestra un modelo viable para el manejo de la enfermedad de células falciformes en diversas poblaciones.
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