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Los monos guardan herramientas para su uso futuro
Nicholas J Mulcahy1, Josep Call
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 20, 2006
Resumen
Los grandes simios como los bonobos y los orangutanes demuestran planificación futura al guardar herramientas para su uso posterior, lo que sugiere que esta habilidad cognitiva es anterior a la evolución humana. Esta capacidad de planificación en los grandes simios evolucionó antes de hace 14 millones de años.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Cognitivas Ciencias Cognitivas.
- La primatología es la primatología.
- Psicología evolutiva Psicología evolutiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- La planificación del futuro es una habilidad cognitiva compleja, crucial para la supervivencia y la adaptación.
- Los orígenes evolutivos de la planificación futura, particularmente en los primates no humanos, siguen siendo un tema de debate.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la capacidad de planificación futura en los grandes simios (bonobos y orangutanes).
- Determinar si las habilidades precursoras para la planificación futura existían antes de la divergencia de las especies de grandes simios existentes.
Principales métodos:
- Los bonobos y los orangutanes fueron probados en su capacidad para seleccionar, transportar y guardar herramientas apropiadas para su uso posterior.
- Los experimentos involucraron retrasos de 1 hora y 14 horas entre la recolección y el uso de herramientas.
- Un experimento de control evaluó si la selección de herramientas dependía de la presencia inmediata del aparato.
Principales resultados:
- Tanto los bonobos como los orangutanes seleccionaron, transportaron y guardaron con éxito herramientas para su uso futuro a tasas significativamente superiores a la línea de base.
- El comportamiento de planificación se observó en diferentes intervalos de retraso, incluido un retraso de 14 horas.
- La capacidad de planificación no dependía de la visibilidad inmediata del aparato de tarea.
Conclusiones:
- Los grandes simios poseen sofisticadas capacidades de planificación futura, lo que desafía la noción de que este es un rasgo exclusivamente humano.
- Los hallazgos indican que los precursores cognitivos para la planificación futura evolucionaron en el antepasado común de los grandes simios hace más de 14 millones de años.
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