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El cribado prenatal de rutina para la infección por el VIH.

M Barbacci1, J T Repke, R E Chaisson

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

Lancet (London, England)
|March 23, 1991
PubMed
Resumen

El cribado dirigido del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en mujeres embarazadas se perdió en más del 40% de los casos. La prueba de rutina del VIH para todas las mujeres embarazadas mejora significativamente las tasas de detección, mejorando los resultados de salud materna e infantil.

Palabras clave:
Enfoque empírico El enfoque empírico.Atención médica y salud pública.El Hospital Johns Hopkins (Baltimore, MD) es uno de ellos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Salud Pública La salud pública.
  • Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
  • Obstetricia y Ginecología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las directrices actuales en las naciones desarrolladas abogan por la prueba del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en mujeres embarazadas en función de los factores de riesgo identificados.
  • Este enfoque basado en factores de riesgo puede no capturar efectivamente todo el alcance de la seroprevalencia del VIH dentro de las poblaciones embarazadas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la efectividad de la detección del VIH dirigida por factores de riesgo frente a la detección universal en mujeres embarazadas.
  • Determinar el impacto de las pruebas rutinarias de VIH en las tasas de detección entre las mujeres embarazadas en un entorno urbano.

Principales métodos:

  • Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en el que participaron 2724 mujeres embarazadas en Baltimore, EE.UU..
  • El estudio comparó la tasa de detección proyectada de mujeres seropositivas para el VIH bajo la detección basada en factores de riesgo frente a la detección universal.
  • A todos los participantes se les ofreció asesoramiento y pruebas de VIH.

Principales resultados:

  • La aplicación de las directrices de detección basadas en factores de riesgo habría identificado sólo el 57% de las mujeres embarazadas seropositivas para el VIH.
  • Ofrecer asesoramiento universal y pruebas de VIH aumentó la tasa de detección al 87%.
  • Una proporción significativa de las infecciones por VIH en mujeres embarazadas no se detectaron con los métodos de detección dirigidos.

Conclusiones:

  • La detección de mujeres embarazadas para el VIH basada únicamente en factores de riesgo admitidos es insuficiente para la detección efectiva de casos.
  • Se recomienda la detección rutinaria del VIH para todas las mujeres embarazadas para mejorar la identificación de las personas infectadas.
  • La prueba universal del VIH durante el embarazo es crucial para la intervención oportuna y la prevención de la transmisión de madre a hijo.