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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Characteristics of Fluids01:20

Characteristics of Fluids

When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...
Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
Characteristics of Fluids01:31

Characteristics of Fluids

Fluids differ from solids primarily in their molecular structure and stress response. Solids have tightly packed molecules with strong intermolecular forces, maintaining their shape and resisting deformation. In contrast, fluids have molecules spaced farther apart with weaker forces, allowing them to flow and deform easily.
Fluids, which include both liquids and gases, are substances that deform continuously under shearing stress. For example, water and oil are liquids with molecules that can...
Types of Fluids01:27

Types of Fluids

Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
In contrast, non-Newtonian fluids do not follow Newton's law of viscosity, and their...
Continuity Equation01:28

Continuity Equation

The continuity equation asserts that the mass flow rate must remain constant for a steady flow of an incompressible fluid within a confined system. This principle applies to systems where fluid passes through varying cross-sectional areas, such as nozzles, syringes, and pipes.
The mass flow rate is expressed as:
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.

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Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
12:26

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

Flujo intermitente libre de escala en la plasticidad cristalina.

Dennis M Dimiduk1, Chris Woodward, Richard Lesar

  • 1Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/MLLM, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA. dennis.dimiduk@wpafb.af.mil

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 27, 2006
PubMed
Resumen

Los científicos midieron los eventos de deslizamiento a nanoescala en cristales de níquel, revelando un comportamiento parecido a un terremoto. Este flujo libre de escala, similar a los terremotos, explica cómo los materiales se deforman bajo estrés.

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Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada
  • Nanotecnología La nanotecnología es la nanotecnología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los materiales cristalinos se deforman irreversiblemente bajo estrés a través de complejos procesos de dislocación.
  • Estos procesos implican eventos discretos de deslizamiento que alteran la forma microscópica del material.
  • Comprender las estadísticas de estos eventos es clave para revelar los mecanismos de deformación subyacentes.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para determinar directamente el tamaño de los eventos discretos de deslizamiento en microcristales de níquel bajo tensión.
  • Para analizar el comportamiento estadístico y las leyes de escala de estos eventos a nanoescala.
  • Establecer cristales dislocados como un sistema modelo para el estudio de fenómenos libres de escala.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron mediciones ultraprecisas a nanoescala.
  • Investigaron microcristales de níquel sometidos a tensión.
  • Analizó las estadísticas de los tamaños de eventos discretos de deslizamiento y su distribución temporal.

Principales resultados:

  • Se midieron directamente los tamaños de los eventos discretos de deslizamiento, que abarcan casi tres órdenes de magnitud.
  • Se observó un comportamiento de shocks y réplicas de tipo terremoto en la distribución temporal de eventos.
  • Se reveló la ley de potencia de escala entre el número de eventos y su magnitud (flujo libre de escala).

Conclusiones:

  • Los cristales dislocados exhiben un comportamiento libre de escala análogo a los sistemas macroscópicos como los terremotos.
  • El deslizamiento cristalino macroscópico surge del promedio de numerosos eventos de deslizamiento disruptivo a nanoescala.
  • Los microcristales de níquel sirven como un valioso sistema modelo para comprender los fenómenos libres de escala en la ciencia de los materiales.