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Geodesia espacial: hundimiento e inundaciones en Nueva Orleans

Timothy H Dixon¹, Falk Amelung, Alessandro Ferretti

¹Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA. tdixon@rsmas.miami.edu

|June 2, 2006

Resumen

Nueva Orleans se está hundiendo, aumentando el riesgo de inundaciones. Nuevos datos de radar revelan un rápido hundimiento de la tierra antes del huracán Katrina, particularmente cerca del canal de salida del río Mississippi-Golfo (MRGO), lo que explica las fallas de los diques.

Área de la Ciencia:

Las geociencias son ciencias geológicas.
La detección remota con sensores.
Planificación Urbana El planeamiento urbano.

Sus antecedentes:

Nueva Orleans enfrenta un riesgo significativo de inundaciones debido al conocido hundimiento de la tierra.
La comprensión previa de las tasas de hundimiento y su impacto en la infraestructura era limitada.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para crear un mapa detallado del hundimiento de Nueva Orleans utilizando tecnología de radar avanzada.
Para investigar la relación entre el hundimiento de la tierra y la vulnerabilidad de los diques antes del huracán Katrina.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó mediciones de radar de apertura sintética (SAR) basadas en el espacio para crear un mapa de hundimiento de alta resolución.
Se analizaron los datos de subsidencia de los tres años anteriores al huracán Katrina (agosto de 2005).

Principales resultados:

Se identificaron áreas de rápido hundimiento de tierra en Nueva Orleans.
Se ha documentado un hundimiento de más de un metro en lugares específicos, especialmente adyacentes al canal de salida del río Mississippi-Golfo (MRGO).
Los patrones de subsidencia correlacionados con los puntos de falla de los diques durante la marejada del huracán Katrina.

Conclusiones:

El rápido hundimiento en Nueva Orleans exacerbó significativamente la susceptibilidad a las inundaciones.
El hundimiento cerca del canal MRGO probablemente comprometió la integridad del dique, contribuyendo a las catastróficas inundaciones durante el huracán Katrina.
La tecnología SAR proporciona información crucial sobre el hundimiento de tierras urbanas y la evaluación de riesgos de infraestructura.

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