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La respuesta del síndrome de la fase tardía del sueño a la melatonina.

M Dahlitz1, B Alvarez, J Vignau

  • 1Department of Neurology, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, UK.

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|May 11, 1991
PubMed
Resumen

La melatonina mejoró significativamente los tiempos de sueño y vigilia en individuos con síndrome de retraso de la fase del sueño. Este estudio sugiere que la melatonina actúa como un regulador de fase para los ciclos de sueño-vigilia.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Cronobiología cronobiología.
  • Medicina del sueño Medicina del sueño.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El síndrome de la fase tardía del sueño (DSPS) es un trastorno del ritmo circadiano caracterizado por una dificultad persistente para conciliar el sueño y despertarse a las horas convencionales.
  • La melatonina, una hormona que regula el ciclo sueño-vigilia, ha sido explorada por su potencial terapéutico en trastornos del ritmo circadiano.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar los efectos de la melatonina en el ciclo sueño-vigilia en sujetos diagnosticados con síndrome de retraso de la fase del sueño.
  • Para determinar si la administración de melatonina puede adelantar el inicio del sueño y las horas de vigilia en pacientes con DSPS.

Principales métodos:

  • Se realizó un ensayo aleatorizado, doble ciego, controlado con placebo que involucró a 8 sujetos con DSPS.
  • Los sujetos recibieron melatonina (5 mg diarios) o un placebo durante 4 semanas, con un período de lavado de 1 semana.
  • La melatonina o el placebo se administraron a las 22:00 h, 5 horas antes de la hora habitual de inicio del sueño de los sujetos.

Principales resultados:

  • El tratamiento con melatonina resultó en un avance significativo tanto en el tiempo de inicio del sueño (avance promedio de 82 minutos) como en el tiempo de vigilia (avance promedio de 117 minutos) en comparación con el placebo (p < 0,01).
  • El tiempo medio de sueño total se redujo ligeramente durante el tratamiento con melatonina (8 h 12 min) en comparación con el placebo (8 h 46 min).
  • La acrófase del estado de alerta, un indicador del momento del pico de alerta, se mantuvo sin cambios por el tratamiento con melatonina.

Conclusiones:

  • La administración de melatonina efectivamente avanza los tiempos de sueño y vigilia en personas que sufren de síndrome de la fase de sueño retrasado.
  • Los hallazgos apoyan el papel de la melatonina como agente de ajuste de fase para el ciclo sueño-vigilia en DSPS.
  • Si bien la melatonina avanza en el horario del sueño, su efecto sobre la duración total del sueño y el horario del estado de alerta justifica una investigación adicional.