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Esquizofrenia después de la exposición prenatal a la epidemia de influenza A2 de 1957
E O'Callaghan1, P Sham, N Takei
1Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|May 25, 1991
Resumen
La epidemia de influenza de 1957 puede aumentar el riesgo de esquizofrenia. Los nacimientos 5 meses después del pico de la epidemia mostraron un aumento del 88% en las personas diagnosticadas más tarde con esquizofrenia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- La psiquiatría es la psiquiatría.
Sus antecedentes:
- La patogénesis de la esquizofrenia es compleja, ya que involucra factores genéticos y ambientales.
- Las exposiciones prenatales son cada vez más reconocidas como posibles contribuyentes a los trastornos del desarrollo neurológico.
- La pandemia de influenza A2 (gripe asiática) de 1957 proporciona un evento histórico único para estudiar las influencias ambientales en el desarrollo del cerebro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la posible asociación entre la epidemia de influenza A2 de 1957 y el posterior desarrollo de la esquizofrenia.
- Para determinar si había una cohorte de nacimiento específica afectada por la epidemia.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis retrospectivo de las fechas de nacimiento de pacientes internados con esquizofrenia en ocho regiones de salud en Inglaterra y Gales.
- Comparación de las tasas de natalidad durante el período posterior al pico de la epidemia de influenza de 1957 con los períodos de control.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó un aumento significativo del 88% en los nacimientos de personas que más tarde desarrollaron esquizofrenia 5 meses después de la prevalencia máxima de la epidemia de influenza A2 de 1957.
- Este hallazgo se alinea con los datos de nacimientos de Helsinki y apoya la evidencia clínica y neuropatológica existente.
Conclusiones:
- La epidemia de influenza A2 de 1957 puede representar un factor de riesgo ambiental significativo para la esquizofrenia.
- El desarrollo anormal del cerebro fetal durante la exposición prenatal a la gripe podría ser un mecanismo clave en la patogénesis de la esquizofrenia.
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