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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Introduction to Functional Groups02:08

Introduction to Functional Groups


Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups are found along the carbon backbone of macromolecules can form chains or rings of carbon atoms. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of common functional groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry. (The...
Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups


Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
Carbocations02:10

Carbocations

Carbocations are one of the reaction intermediates formed during several nucleophilic substitutions or elimination reactions. A carbocation is an electron-deficient species with the central carbon atom having six electrons and three bonded atoms. The central carbon in a carbocation is sp2 hybridized with trigonal planar geometry. It has an empty p orbital perpendicular to the plane of the structure that can accept electrons. Thus, carbocations act as strong electrophiles and may react with any...
Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
C–C Bond Formation: Aldol Condensation Overview01:10

C–C Bond Formation: Aldol Condensation Overview

Aldol condensation is an important route in synthetic organic chemistry used to generate a new carbon–carbon bond under basic or acidic conditions. The aldol condensation reaction presented in Figure 1 constitutes an aldol addition reaction followed by the dehydration process.
C–C Bond Cleavage: Retro-Aldol Reaction00:57

C–C Bond Cleavage: Retro-Aldol Reaction

The reverse of the aldol addition reaction is called the retro-aldol reaction. Here, the carbon–carbon bond in the aldol product is cleaved under acidic or basic conditions to form two molecules of carbonyl compounds. The mechanism of the reaction consists of three steps.
In the first step, as depicted in Figure 1, the base deprotonates the β-hydroxy ketone at the hydroxyl group to form an alkoxide ion.

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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
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Published on: June 20, 2014

Funcionalización C-H altamente selectiva / halogenación del acetanilido.

Xiaobing Wan1, Zhongxun Ma, Bijie Li

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 8, 2006
PubMed
Resumen

Este estudio introduce un nuevo método para la funcionalización regioselectiva de C-H y la halogenación de acetanilidos. Los catalizadores de paládio y cobre producen eficientemente orto-haloacetanilidos utilizando haluros de cobre como fuente de halógeno.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química orgánica es la química orgánica.
  • La catálisis por catálisis.
  • La halogenación también es halogenada.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La funcionalización C-H es una estrategia clave en la síntesis orgánica.
  • La halogenación regioselectiva de compuestos aromáticos es sintéticamente valiosa.
  • Los acetanilidos son motivos estructurales comunes en productos farmacéuticos y materiales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un método altamente regioselectivo para la orto-halogenación de acetanilidos.
  • Explorar el uso de catalizadores de paladio y cobre en reacciones de funcionalización C-H.
  • Para identificar fuentes eficientes de halógenos para la transformación.

Principales métodos:

  • La reacción emplea el acetato de paladio (Pd) y el acetato de cobre (Cu) como catalizadores.
  • Los haluros de cobre (CuX2) sirven como fuente de halógenos.
  • Los acetanilidos se someten a una funcionalización directa C-H en la posición ortopédica.

Principales resultados:

  • El sistema catalítico demostró una alta regioselectividad para la orto-halogenación.
  • La reacción produjo eficientemente una gama de orto-haloacetanilidos.
  • La metodología ofrece una ruta directa a valiosos productos intermedios halogenados.

Conclusiones:

  • Este trabajo presenta un método eficaz catalizado por el paladio y el cobre para la halogenación regioselectiva de C-H de acetanilidos.
  • El protocolo desarrollado proporciona un acceso directo a los orto-haloacetanilidos.
  • Los hallazgos contribuyen al avance de las estrategias de funcionalización C-H en la síntesis orgánica.