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Suplementación de agua en bebés alimentados exclusivamente con leche materna durante el verano en los trópicos
H P Sachdev1, J Krishna, R K Puri
1Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
Lancet (London, England)
|April 20, 1991
Resumen
Los bebés alimentados exclusivamente con leche materna no necesitan agua suplementaria para la hidratación, incluso en climas cálidos. Proporcionar líquidos adicionales puede reducir la ingesta esencial de leche materna, lo que podría afectar la nutrición del bebé.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La pediatría es la medicina de los niños.
- Nutrición Nutrición Nutrición es la nutrición.
- Salud Ambiental Salud del medio ambiente.
Sus antecedentes:
- Muchos profesionales de la salud recomiendan la suplementación de agua para los bebés alimentados exclusivamente con leche materna en climas tropicales.
- Existen preocupaciones con respecto a la hidratación infantil y la termorregulación durante el clima caluroso.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la necesidad de la suplementación de agua para mantener la homeostasis del agua en los bebés alimentados exclusivamente con leche materna durante el verano en una región tropical.
- Evaluar el impacto de la suplementación de agua en la ingesta de leche materna y el estado de hidratación.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio en el que participaron 45 bebés varones sanos, alimentados exclusivamente con leche materna (1-4 meses de edad).
- Los bebés se dividieron en dos grupos: sólo leche materna (Grupo I) y leche materna más líquidos suplementarios (Grupo II).
- Las mediciones incluyeron la ingesta de leche materna, la ingesta de agua, la producción de orina, la osmolalidad de la orina / suero, el cambio de peso y la temperatura rectal en condiciones de calor controladas.
Principales resultados:
- Los bebés que solo recibieron leche materna tuvieron una ingesta de leche materna y líquido total significativamente mayor en comparación con los que recibieron líquidos suplementarios.
- A pesar de las diferencias en la ingesta de líquidos, no se observaron variaciones significativas en la producción de orina, la osmolalidad, el cambio de peso o la temperatura rectal entre los grupos.
- La ingesta de líquidos suplementarios constituyó aproximadamente el 11% de la ingesta total de líquidos en el Grupo II.
Conclusiones:
- Los bebés alimentados exclusivamente con leche materna pueden mantener una homeostasis de agua adecuada sin agua suplementaria, incluso a altas temperaturas.
- La suplementación con agua puede conducir a una disminución en el consumo de leche materna, que es una desventaja potencial para el crecimiento y la nutrición del bebé.
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