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Estudio prospectivo del consumo de alcohol y el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria en hombres
E B Rimm1, E L Giovannucci, W C Willett
1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Lancet (London, England)
|August 24, 1991
Resumen
El consumo moderado de alcohol parece reducir el riesgo de enfermedad arterial coronaria. Esta relación inversa se mantuvo incluso después de excluir a las personas que se abstuvieron debido a una enfermedad, lo que sugiere un vínculo causal.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología cardiovascular.
- La ciencia nutricional es una ciencia nutricional.
- Salud pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- Con frecuencia se observa una asociación inversa entre el consumo de alcohol y el riesgo de enfermedad arterial coronaria (CAD).
- Existe la preocupación de que esta asociación pueda confundirse al incluir a las personas que se abstienen del alcohol debido a condiciones de salud preexistentes en el grupo de referencia de no consumo de alcohol.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar prospectivamente la asociación entre la ingesta de alcohol autoinformada y la incidencia de enfermedad arterial coronaria.
- Evaluar si la relación inversa observada entre el alcohol y la EAC es causal al abordar posibles factores de confusión.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo en el que participaron 51.529 profesionales de la salud masculinos.
- Los participantes completaron cuestionarios detallados en 1986 con respecto a la ingesta de alcohol, la dieta, el historial médico y los factores de riesgo coronario.
- Los cuestionarios de seguimiento en 1988 identificaron 350 casos confirmados de enfermedad coronaria incidente.
Principales resultados:
- Después de ajustar por los principales factores de riesgo coronario, el aumento de la ingesta de alcohol mostró una relación inversa significativa con la incidencia de CAD (p < 0,001).
- La exclusión de los no bebedores actuales o de los hombres con condiciones que podrían influir en el consumo de alcohol (por ejemplo, hipertensión, diabetes) no alteró sustancialmente los riesgos relativos inversos.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos apoyan una relación causal inversa entre el consumo de alcohol y el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad arterial coronaria.
- Es poco probable que el efecto protector observado del alcohol sobre el riesgo de CAD se deba únicamente a la confusión con la abstinencia de alcohol relacionada con la enfermedad.
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