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Sobredosis accidental de astemizol en niños pequeños
K Hoppu1, T Tikanoja, P Tapanainen
1Children's Hospital, 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Helsinki, Finland.
Lancet (London, England)
|August 31, 1991
Resumen
El envenenamiento accidental por astemizol en niños pequeños puede causar peligrosos problemas del ritmo cardíaco. El monitoreo hospitalario cuidadoso es crucial para los pacientes pediátricos con sobredosis de astemizol, especialmente aquellos que toman otros antihistamínicos H1.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Toxicología pediátrica.
- Cardiología Cardiología.
- Farmacología Farmacología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El astemizol es un antagonista selectivo del receptor de H1-histamina.
- La sobredosis accidental en niños pequeños puede conducir a una toxicidad significativa.
- Los eventos adversos cardíacos son una preocupación con la sobredosis de antihistamínicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Informar sobre los casos de envenenamiento accidental por astemizol en niños pequeños.
- Para describir la presentación clínica y los efectos cardíacos de la sobredosis de astemizol.
- Recomendar el manejo apropiado para la intoxicación pediátrica por astemizol.
Principales métodos:
- Serie de casos retrospectivos reportados desde un centro nacional de control de envenenamiento.
- Análisis de la demografía de los pacientes, las dosis ingeridas y los resultados clínicos.
- Monitoreo electrocardiográfico (ECG) para la toxicidad cardíaca, incluido el intervalo QTc.
- Mediciones de la concentración de drogas en casos seleccionados.
Principales resultados:
- Seis casos de sobredosis accidental de astemizol en niños de 1 año 7 meses a 3 años 4 meses.
- Las dosis ingeridas oscilaron entre 2,5 y 16,7 mg/kg, superando significativamente los niveles recomendados.
- Intervalo QTc prolongado (signo de toxicidad cardíaca) observado en los 5 niños con ECG disponibles.
- Se desarrollaron arritmias ventriculares severas en 1 niño.
Conclusiones:
- Los niños pequeños con sobredosis accidental de astemizol requieren una cuidadosa supervisión hospitalaria.
- La toxicidad cardíaca, incluida la prolongación del QTc y las arritmias, es un riesgo significativo.
- Un monitoreo similar puede estar justificado para las sobredosis de otros antagonistas selectivos de los receptores de H1-histamina.
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