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Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
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Published on: January 9, 2016

Un castigo costoso en todas las sociedades humanas.

Joseph Henrich1, Richard McElreath, Abigail Barr

  • 1Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. jhenric@emory.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 24, 2006
PubMed
Resumen

Los seres humanos exhiben castigos costosos en diversas poblaciones, un comportamiento vinculado al altruismo y la coevolución de la cultura genética. Esta voluntad de castigar la desigualdad es un factor clave para entender la cooperación humana y la socialidad.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Psicología evolutiva Psicología evolutiva.
  • La economía del comportamiento es la economía del comportamiento.
  • Los estudios interculturales son estudios de las diferentes culturas.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La cooperación humana es fundamental para la sociabilidad.
  • El castigo costoso, incluso en interacciones de un solo disparo, se propone como un elemento psicológico clave.
  • Las investigaciones anteriores se limitaban a las sociedades industrializadas, lo que dificultaba las generalizaciones en toda la especie.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la universalidad del castigo costoso en el comportamiento humano.
  • Examinar las variaciones interculturales en el castigo costoso.
  • Para explorar la relación entre el castigo costoso y el comportamiento altruista.

Principales métodos:

  • Realizó experimentos conductuales en 15 poblaciones diversas de todo el mundo.
  • Se midió la disposición de los participantes a administrar castigos costosos en respuesta a un comportamiento desigual.
  • Analizó la covarianza entre el castigo costoso y el comportamiento altruista en todas las poblaciones.

Principales resultados:

  • Todas las poblaciones examinadas mostraron una voluntad de administrar castigos costosos cuando se enfrentan a una mayor desigualdad.
  • Se observó una variación significativa en la magnitud del castigo costoso en diferentes poblaciones.
  • El castigo costoso demostró una covarianza positiva con el comportamiento altruista a nivel mundial.

Conclusiones:

  • El castigo costoso es un comportamiento humano generalizado, no limitado a las sociedades industrializadas.
  • La variación intercultural observada en la magnitud del castigo requiere una explicación dentro de las teorías de cooperación.
  • Los hallazgos apoyan los modelos de coevolución de cultivos genéticos de altruismo y cooperación humanos.