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Efectos de la exposición en el útero a medicamentos hipoglucemiantes orales
K Piacquadio1, D R Hollingsworth, H Murphy
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Naval Hospital, San Diego, California.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 5, 1991
Resumen
Los agentes hipoglucémicos orales tomados durante el embarazo se relacionaron con una mayor incidencia de anomalías congénitas y hipoglucemia neonatal en los bebés. Se necesita más investigación para confirmar estos hallazgos en un estudio prospectivo más amplio.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Obstetricia y Ginecología.
- Medicina Neonatal La medicina neonatal es una especialidad de la medicina neonatal.
- Endocrinología Endocrinología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los agentes hipoglucemiantes orales a veces son utilizados por mujeres embarazadas con diabetes mellitus no dependiente de insulina (NIDDM).
- Informes anteriores sugieren una posible asociación entre estos agentes y anomalías congénitas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre la exposición a medicamentos hipoglucemiantes orales durante la embriogénesis y las anomalías congénitas en bebés de madres NIDDM.
- Evaluar los resultados neonatales, incluidas las malformaciones, la hiperbilirubinemia, la policitemia, la hiperviscosidad y la hipoglucemia, en relación con la exposición a medicamentos.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de caso-control que comparó a 20 mujeres embarazadas NIDDM expuestas a medicamentos hipoglucémicos orales con 40 controles emparejados no expuestos.
- Seguimiento de los bebés por malformaciones congénitas y complicaciones neonatales.
Principales resultados:
- Los bebés expuestos a medicamentos hipoglucemiantes orales tenían una tasa significativamente mayor de malformaciones congénitas (50%) en comparación con los controles (15%).
- Se observaron malformaciones del oído en el 25% de los bebés expuestos.
- Se observó una mayor incidencia de hiperbilirubinemia, policitemia, hiperviscosidad e hipoglucemia neonatal prolongada grave en el grupo expuesto.
Conclusiones:
- La exposición a fármacos hipoglucémicos orales durante el desarrollo fetal parece estar asociada con un mayor riesgo de malformaciones congénitas y hipoglucemia neonatal.
- Se requiere un estudio prospectivo más amplio para confirmar estos hallazgos y para diferenciar el efecto del medicamento del control metabólico materno.
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