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Mortalidad por cáncer en trabajadores expuestos a herbicidas clorofenoxi y clorofenoles
R Saracci1, M Kogevinas, P A Bertazzi
1Unit of Analytical Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 26, 1991
Resumen
La exposición ocupacional a los herbicidas clorofenoxi puede aumentar el riesgo de cáncer, en particular los sarcomas de tejidos blandos en los pulverizadores. Se necesita más investigación para confirmar la asociación y el papel de la contaminación por dioxinas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud ocupacional y salud en el trabajo.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Toxicología Toxicología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Estudios previos sugieren un vínculo entre la exposición ocupacional a los herbicidas clorofenoxi y el aumento del riesgo de cáncer, incluidos los sarcomas de tejidos blandos y los linfomas no Hodgkin.
- La contaminación de estos herbicidas con 2, 3, 7, 8-tetraclorodibenzo-p-dioxina (TCDD) es una preocupación potencial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la mortalidad por cáncer entre una cohorte internacional de trabajadores expuestos a herbicidas clorofenoxi.
- Evaluar la asociación entre la exposición ocupacional a herbicidas y tipos específicos de cáncer, teniendo en cuenta la posible contaminación por TCDD.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de cohorte histórico que involucró a 18.910 trabajadores de producción y rociadores de diez países.
- Evaluación de la exposición a través de cuestionarios, registros e historiales laborales; análisis de mortalidad utilizando las tasas de mortalidad nacionales por causa específica para la comparación.
Principales resultados:
- No hay exceso de mortalidad por cualquier causa, neoplasias generales, cánceres epiteliales comunes o linfomas.
- Un riesgo de doble excedente estadísticamente no significativo para el sarcoma de tejidos blandos (SMR 196).
- Se observó un riesgo seis veces mayor de sarcoma de tejidos blandos 10-19 años después de la exposición (SMR 606), con un exceso de nueve veces entre los pulverizadores (SMR 882). También se observaron mayores riesgos para los cánceres testiculares, tiroideos, endocrinos y nasales, basados en números pequeños.
Conclusiones:
- El exceso observado de sarcomas de tejidos blandos entre los pulverizadores es consistente con un potencial papel causal de los herbicidas clorofenoxi.
- El exceso de riesgo no parece estar específicamente relacionado con los herbicidas contaminados con TCDD, lo que justifica una mayor investigación sobre otros factores de exposición.
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