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What is Biodiversity?

What is Biodiversity?

Biodiversity describes the variety of living things at multiple organizational levels: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity includes all branches of the evolutionary tree from single-celled prokaryotic organisms, bacteria, and archaea, to the eukaryotic kingdoms: plants; animals; fungi; and protists. To date, there have been about 1.75 million species identified, and new species are discovered every week.

Threats to Biodiversity

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...

Biodiversity and Human Values

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Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.

Keystone Species

Keystone Species

Measures of species biodiversity, such as richness (i.e., the number of species present) and evenness (i.e., their relative abundance), describe an ecological community’s structure. Many factors affect community structure, including abiotic factors (e.g., sunlight and nutrients), disturbances (e.g., fire or flood), species interactions (e.g., predation or competition), and chance events (e.g., foreign species invasion). Certain species—such as keystone species—also play a pivotal role in the...

Conservation of Small Populations

Conservation of Small Populations

Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less likely to...

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...

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Prioridades globales de conservación de la biodiversidad

T M Brooks¹, R A Mittermeier, G A B da Fonseca

¹Conservation International, 1919 M Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA. t.brooks@conservation.org

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 11, 2006

Resumen

Dar prioridad a la conservación de la biodiversidad es crucial debido a las amenazas desiguales. Esta revisión sintetiza nueve plantillas de prioridades globales, analizando sus métodos e impactos para mejorar la asignación de fondos para minimizar la pérdida de biodiversidad.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias de la Conservación Ciencias de la Conservación.
La gestión de la biodiversidad.
La planificación sistemática de la conservación de la planificación.

Sus antecedentes:

Las amenazas y las ubicaciones de la biodiversidad están distribuidas de manera desigual en todo el mundo.
La conservación efectiva requiere una priorización estratégica para minimizar la pérdida de biodiversidad.
Recientemente se han propuesto numerosas plantillas de prioridades mundiales de biodiversidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar y sintetizar nueve plantillas globales de priorización de la biodiversidad.
Para analizar los conceptos, métodos, resultados, impactos y desafíos de estas plantillas.
Mejorar la comprensión y la eficiencia en la asignación de fondos para la conservación.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de nueve plantillas de priorización de la biodiversidad global propuestas en la última década.
Análisis dentro del marco de irreemplazabilidad/vulnerabilidad de la planificación sistemática de conservación.
Categoría de plantillas basadas en enfoques reactivos (alta vulnerabilidad) y proactivos (baja vulnerabilidad).

Principales resultados:

La mayoría de las plantillas revisadas dan prioridad a las regiones de alta insustitubilidad.
Algunas plantillas de priorización son reactivas, centrándose en áreas de alta vulnerabilidad.
Otras plantillas son proactivas, enfatizando áreas con baja vulnerabilidad.

Conclusiones:

Se necesita una comprensión completa de los enfoques de priorización.
Una mejor comprensión puede conducir a una asignación más eficiente de los fondos de conservación.
Esta síntesis tiene como objetivo mejorar la efectividad de los esfuerzos globales de conservación de la biodiversidad.