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La actividad física y el riesgo cardiovascular agrupado en niños: un estudio transversal (Estudio Europeo del Corazón
Lars Bo Andersen1, Maarike Harro, Luis B Sardinha
1Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway. lars.bo.andersen@nih.no
Lancet (London, England)
|July 25, 2006
Resumen
Una mayor actividad física en los niños es crucial para prevenir los factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Es posible que las directrices actuales no sean suficientes para mitigar estos riesgos de manera efectiva.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud cardiovascular pediátrica y salud cardiovascular.
- La salud pública y la medicina preventiva.
- Ciencia del ejercicio físico.
Sus antecedentes:
- La aterosclerosis, un proceso que comienza en la infancia, puede verse influenciada por la actividad física.
- Los factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares pueden agruparse en los niños.
- La medición objetiva de la actividad física es clave para comprender su impacto.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre la actividad física medida objetivamente y los factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular agrupados en niños.
- Establecer directrices basadas en la evidencia para la actividad física para prevenir el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en poblaciones pediátricas.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio transversal que involucró a 1732 niños de 9 y 15 años de Dinamarca, Estonia y Portugal.
- Los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares evaluados incluyeron la presión arterial, los triglicéridos, la relación colesterol / HDL, la resistencia a la insulina, los pliegues cutáneos y la aptitud aeróbica.
- La actividad física se midió objetivamente mediante acelerometría.
Principales resultados:
- Los niños en quintiles inferiores de actividad física mostraron una probabilidad significativamente mayor de tener factores de riesgo agrupados.
- Las proporciones de probabilidades para el riesgo agrupado aumentaron sustancialmente en los grupos menos activos en comparación con el quintil más activo.
- Incluso el cuarto quintil de actividad física involucró un tiempo de actividad diaria sustancial (88-116 minutos).
Conclusiones:
- Las actuales directrices internacionales de actividad física (al menos 1 hora/día de intensidad moderada) pueden ser insuficientes.
- Se recomiendan niveles más altos de actividad física para prevenir efectivamente la agrupación de factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares en los niños.
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