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The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
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Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA
10:40

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Published on: September 11, 2013

Un código genómico para el posicionamiento del nucleosoma.

Eran Segal1, Yvonne Fondufe-Mittendorf, Lingyi Chen

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. eran.segal@weizmann.ac.il

Nature
|July 25, 2006
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los genomas contienen un código intrínseco que dicta la organización de los nucleosomas, lo que influye en la accesibilidad del ADN. Este código explica aproximadamente la mitad de todas las posiciones de los nucleosomas in vivo, impactando la regulación génica.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • La genómica es la genómica.
  • La epigenética es la epigenética.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los genomas eucariotas están organizados en nucleosomas, que empaquetan el ADN y controlan el acceso de las proteínas.
  • Los nucleosomas exhiben preferencias de secuencia, se unen más fuertemente a las secuencias de ADN que se doblan bruscamente.
  • La relevancia in vivo de estas preferencias de secuencias para el posicionamiento de los nucleosomas y la regulación génica sigue sin estar clara.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la influencia de la secuencia de ADN en el posicionamiento de los nucleosomas in vivo.
  • Desarrollar un modelo que prediga la organización de los nucleosomas en todo el genoma basado en la secuencia de ADN.
  • Para entender cómo la organización intrínseca del nucleosoma impacta las funciones cromosómicas.

Principales métodos:

  • Aislamiento de alta resolución de secuencias de ADN unidas a nucleosomas de levadura.
  • Desarrollo de un enfoque computacional para modelar las interacciones nucleosoma-ADN.
  • Validación experimental del modelo de interacción entre el nucleosoma y el ADN.
  • Predicción de la organización de los nucleosomas en todo el genoma.

Principales resultados:

  • Los genomas codifican una organización intrínseca de los nucleosomas basada en la secuencia de ADN.
  • Esta organización intrínseca explica aproximadamente el 50% de las posiciones de los nucleosomas observadas in vivo.
  • Se construyó un modelo validado de interacción nucleosoma-ADN.

Conclusiones:

  • La secuencia de ADN dicta intrínsecamente la organización del nucleosoma in vivo.
  • El posicionamiento de los nucleosomas es un mecanismo regulador clave que afecta la accesibilidad del ADN.
  • Este código de posicionamiento influye en las funciones cromosómicas cruciales como la transcripción y la remodelación de la cromatina.