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Problemas de salud mental entre adultos en áreas afectadas por el tsunami en el sur de Tailandia
Frits van Griensven1, M L Somchai Chakkraband, Warunee Thienkrua
1Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
JAMA
|August 3, 2006
Resumen
El tsunami de 2004 en Tailandia causó altas tasas de trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT), ansiedad y síntomas de depresión entre los sobrevivientes. Si bien estos síntomas de salud mental disminuyeron después de nueve meses, se mantuvieron elevados, lo que resalta la necesidad de un apoyo continuo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Mental La salud mental es la salud mental.
- Psiquiatría de Desastre Psiquiatría de Desastre
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El tsunami del Océano Índico de 2004 devastó las regiones costeras de Tailandia, causando importantes pérdidas de vidas y lesiones.
- Específicamente, el suroeste de Tailandia experimentó 5.395 muertes, 2.991 personas desaparecidas y 8.457 heridos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la prevalencia del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT), la ansiedad y los síntomas de depresión en las áreas afectadas por el tsunami del sur de Tailandia.
- Esta evaluación fue parte de una respuesta de emergencia de salud pública y una evaluación rápida de las necesidades de salud mental.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una encuesta de salud mental en varias etapas, agrupada y basada en la población en las provincias de Phang Nga, Krabi y Phuket.
- Los datos se recopilaron utilizando cuestionarios administrados por el entrevistador en computadoras portátiles, evaluando la salud general, el trauma, la ansiedad y la depresión.
- Se llevaron a cabo encuestas de seguimiento de vigilancia 8 semanas y 9 meses después del desastre.
Principales resultados:
- Ocho semanas después del tsunami, las tasas de prevalencia fueron: TEPT (3-12%), ansiedad (22-37%) y depresión (10-30%), con tasas más altas entre las personas desplazadas.
- La pérdida de medios de vida se asoció significativamente con los tres resultados de salud mental.
- Nueve meses después, la prevalencia de los síntomas disminuyó, pero se mantuvo elevada, con TEPT en el 2,3-7%, ansiedad en el 24,8-25,9% y depresión en el 14,3-16,7%.
Conclusiones:
- Los síntomas elevados de trastorno de estrés postraumático, ansiedad y depresión prevalecieron entre los sobrevivientes del tsunami en el sur de Tailandia.
- Inicialmente, los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión eran más comunes que los síntomas de TEPT.
- Las tasas de síntomas disminuyeron en nueve meses, pero se mantuvieron elevadas, lo que subraya el impacto a largo plazo en la salud mental y la necesidad de intervenciones sostenidas.
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