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La vía de la calmodulina y la evolución de la morfología del pico alargado en los pinzones de Darwin

Arhat Abzhanov¹, Winston P Kuo, Christine Hartmann

¹Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

|August 4, 2006

Resumen

Los pinzones de Darwin desarrollaron diversas formas de pico a través de la selección natural. La regulación ascendente de la vía de la calmodulina (CaM) en el desarrollo del pico explica la evolución de picos largos y puntiagudos en los pinzones de cactus.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
La genómica es la genómica.

Sus antecedentes:

Los pinzones de Darwin exhiben una notable diversidad de picos, un ejemplo clásico de radiación adaptativa.
Estudios previos exploraron genes candidatos en la morfogénesis del pico del pinzón de Darwin.
Existen limitaciones en los enfoques de genes candidatos para identificar nuevas vías de desarrollo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Identificar nuevos genes y vías involucradas en la morfología del pico del pinzón de Darwin utilizando un enfoque transcriptómico integral.
Para investigar el papel de la calmodulina (CaM) en el desarrollo de formas específicas del pico.

Principales métodos:

Análisis complementario de microarrays de ADN de las transcripciones del pico primordial.
La hibridación in situ para validar patrones de expresión génica.
Manipulación experimental de la vía dependiente de CaM en embriones de pollo.

Principales resultados:

La calmodulina (CaM) mostró una mayor expresión en los picos largos y puntiagudos de los pinzones de cactus en comparación con otros tipos de picos.
La upregulación de la vía dependiente de CaM en embriones de pollo dio lugar a la alargación del pico superior, imitando la morfología del pinzón cactus.
Esta vía proporciona una explicación mecanicista para la evolución de la forma del pico.

Conclusiones:

La vía dependiente de CaM está implicada en la evolución de la morfología del pico alargado en los pinzones de Darwin.
Esta vía ofrece un mecanismo de desarrollo para la evolución independiente de las dimensiones del pico.
La señalización de la calmodulina juega un papel importante en la regulación del desarrollo esquelético craneofacial.

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