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Most pressure gauges, like those on scuba tanks, are calibrated to read zero at atmospheric pressure. Readings from such gauges are called the gauge pressure, which is the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. When the pressure inside the tank exceeds atmospheric pressure, the gauge reports a positive value. Some gauges are designed to measure negative pressure. For example, many physics experiments must take place in a vacuum chamber, a rigid chamber from which some of the air is pumped...
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Bearing stress refers to the contact pressure between two separate bodies. To visualize this, imagine a bolt thrust through a plate. The bolt applies a force to the plate, which exerts an equal but opposite force back onto the bolt. This force isn't just a singular entity but a compilation of numerous smaller forces distributed across the contact surface between the bolt and the plate.
Due to the intricacy of these microforces, an average value, known as bearing stress, is often used by...
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Consider a structure made of a boom and a rod designed to support a load. These two components are connected by a pin and stabilized by brackets and pins. The boom and the rod are detached from their supports to assess the different stresses imposed on this structure, and a free-body diagram is drawn. Then, all the forces applied, including the load acting on the structure, are identified. The reaction forces exerted on both the boom and the rod are computed using the equilibrium equations.
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A Cost-effective and Reliable Method to Predict Mechanical Stress in Single-use and Standard Pumps
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Published on: August 5, 2015

Prevenir las úlceras por presión: una revisión sistemática.

Madhuri Reddy1, Sudeep S Gill, Paula A Rochon

  • 1Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. madhuri.reddy@sw.ca

JAMA
|August 24, 2006
PubMed
Resumen

La prevención efectiva de las úlceras por presión implica superficies de soporte, reposicionamiento y optimización de la nutrición. Si bien algunas intervenciones son prometedoras, se necesita más investigación de alta calidad para confirmar la efectividad y la rentabilidad.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La medicina clínica es la medicina clínica.
  • Investigación en Enfermería.
  • Práctica basada en la evidencia.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las úlceras por presión son una preocupación significativa para la atención médica, lo que lleva a resultados adversos para los pacientes y al aumento de los costos de tratamiento.
  • Las estrategias efectivas de prevención son cruciales en varios entornos de atención al paciente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar sistemáticamente la evidencia existente sobre las intervenciones destinadas a prevenir las úlceras por presión.
  • Identificar estrategias efectivas basadas en ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA).

Principales métodos:

  • Una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura de varias bases de datos (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane) hasta junio de 2006.
  • La inclusión de ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) utilizando palabras clave específicas relacionadas con la prevención de las úlceras por presión.
  • Revisión de las bibliografías de los artículos identificados para garantizar una recopilación completa de datos.

Principales resultados:

  • Se analizaron 59 ECA, categorizando las intervenciones por movilidad, nutrición y salud de la piel.
  • Las estrategias efectivas para la movilidad reducida incluyen superficies de soporte especializadas y superposiciones.
  • Los suplementos dietéticos pueden beneficiar a los pacientes con trastornos nutricionales; los beneficios de los agentes tópicos no están claros.

Conclusiones:

  • La evidencia actual apoya el uso de superficies de soporte, reposicionamiento, optimización nutricional e hidratación de la piel para la prevención de las úlceras por presión.
  • Muchos ECA revisados tenían limitaciones metodológicas, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de una investigación de mayor calidad.
  • La investigación futura debe centrarse en ECA bien diseñados con informes estandarizados y datos de rentabilidad.