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La política y los resultados de salud
Vicente Navarro1, Carles Muntaner, Carme Borrell
1Johns Hopkins University, USA. vnavarro@jhsph.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|September 19, 2006
Resumen
Las ideologías políticas influyen en los resultados de la salud pública. Las políticas igualitarias, como el bienestar y las reformas del mercado laboral, reducen la mortalidad infantil y mejoran la esperanza de vida en las naciones ricas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Políticas Ciencias Políticas.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Política de salud Política de salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Comprender la interacción entre los sistemas políticos y la salud de la población es crucial para la formulación de políticas basadas en la evidencia.
- Investigaciones anteriores sugieren un vínculo entre los factores políticos y las disparidades de salud, pero la evidencia empírica sigue siendo objeto de debate.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre las tradiciones políticas, las elecciones políticas y los indicadores de salud pública durante un período de 50 años.
- Determinar si distintas ideologías políticas se correlacionan con patrones sistemáticos en los resultados de salud de la población.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las variables políticas, económicas, sociales y de salud en los países de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE).
- Diseño de estudio longitudinal que examina las tendencias durante cinco décadas.
Principales resultados:
- Los hallazgos apoyan la hipótesis de que las ideologías políticas que gobiernan impactan en los indicadores de salud de la población.
- Enlace empírico establecido entre las ideologías igualitarias y la implementación de políticas redistributivas.
- Las políticas que reducen las desigualdades sociales demuestran un efecto positivo en la mortalidad infantil y la esperanza de vida.
Conclusiones:
- Las ideologías políticas moldean significativamente los resultados de la salud pública a través de la implementación de políticas.
- Las políticas redistributivas, particularmente aquellas que mejoran el estado de bienestar y los mercados laborales, se asocian con una mejor salud de la población.
- La evidencia apoya el papel de las elecciones políticas en la mitigación de las desigualdades de salud.
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