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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria01:07

Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria

Ladder diagrams are useful for evaluating equilibria involving metal-ligand complexes. The vertical scale of the ladder diagram represents the concentration of unreacted or free ligand, pL. The horizontal lines on the scale depict the log of stepwise formation constants for metal-ligand complexes and indicate the dominant species in all the regions.
The formation constant, K1, for the formation of Cd(NH3)2+ complex from cadmium and ammonia is 3.55 × 102. Log K1 (i.e. pNH3) is 2.55, and...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles01:24

Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles

Microbial activity plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese, especially at the redox gradients characteristic of stratified aquatic environments. These cycles are driven by microbial transformations between oxidized and reduced forms of the metals, allowing organisms to exploit them for metabolic energy and structural purposes.Iron Cycling Across Redox GradientsIn neutral, oxygen-rich surface waters, iron is predominantly found in its oxidized, insoluble ferric...

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Published on: December 6, 2015

Soluble en las zonas suboxicas.

Robert E Trouwborst1, Brian G Clement, Bradley M Tebo

  • 1College of Marine and Earth Studies, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 30, 2006
PubMed
Resumen

El manganeso soluble ((III) [Mn ((III) ], anteriormente considerado inestable, es abundante en aguas naturales como el Mar Negro. Esta forma de manganeso juega un papel clave en el mantenimiento de las zonas suboxicas.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química del medio ambiente Química del medio ambiente
  • La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
  • Química marina La química marina es la química de las aguas.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El manganeso soluble (III) [Mn (III) ] se consideraba tradicionalmente inestable en aguas naturales, desproporcionándose rápidamente con respecto al Mn (II) y Mn (IV) O2.
  • Investigaciones previas sugirieron que el Mn{III} existía principalmente como complejos solo en entornos de laboratorio, no en entornos acuáticos naturales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la presencia y la estabilidad del manganeso soluble (III) en cuerpos de agua naturales.
  • Determinar el papel del Mn(III) soluble en el ciclo biogeoquímico del manganeso en los sistemas acuáticos.
  • Comprender los mecanismos de formación y estabilización del Mn (III) en las zonas suboxicas.

Principales métodos:

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  • Se recolectaron muestras de agua del Mar Negro y la Bahía de Chesapeake para el análisis de la especiación de manganeso.
  • Se utilizó el perfil de profundidad para trazar un mapa de la distribución de Mn (III) soluble dentro de la columna de agua.
  • Se analizaron las concentraciones de manganeso y la especiación para identificar las zonas de producción y consumo de Mn (III).

Principales resultados:

  • Se detectaron altas concentraciones de Manganeso III soluble, hasta 5 micromolares, en el Mar Negro, que comprende el 100% de manganeso disuelto.
  • Se identificó la producción de Mn(III) a través de la oxidación de Mn(II) en la zona suboxic superior y la reducción de Mn(IV) O2 en la zona suboxic inferior.
  • Se encontró que el Mn soluble (III) se estabiliza por ligandos naturales desconocidos en ambos entornos estudiados.
  • Se observaron concentraciones micromolares de Mn disuelto (III) en la bahía de Chesapeake.

Conclusiones:

  • El manganeso soluble (III) es un componente estable y significativo del manganeso disuelto en aguas naturales.
  • Mn ((III) juega un papel crítico en el mantenimiento de las zonas suboxic actuando tanto como un receptor de electrones y donante.
  • Mn ((III) es probablemente ubicuo en las interfaces óxicas / anóxicas en ambientes acuáticos y sedimentos.