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Anticorpos específicos de hepatitis no A, no B dirigidos al epítopo derivado del huésped: implicación para un proceso
Lancet (London, England)
|December 8, 1990
Resumen
Los investigadores identificaron un epítopo GOR del plasma de chimpancé, desarrollando un ensayo para los anticuerpos contra él. Este ensayo ayuda en el diagnóstico de la hepatitis no A, no B (NANBH) y la reducción de la hepatitis post-transfusión.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología Virología.
- Inmunología Inmunología.
- Hepatología Hepatología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El diagnóstico de la hepatitis humana no A, no B (NANBH) sigue siendo un desafío.
- El virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) es una de las principales causas de NANBH, pero no todos los casos se explican por las secuencias conocidas del VHC.
- Las respuestas celulares del huésped pueden desempeñar un papel en la patogénesis de NANBH.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar un nuevo epítopo (epítopo GOR) identificado en el plasma de chimpancé infectado con el agente NANBH.
- Desarrollar y validar un ensayo inmunosorbente vinculado a enzimas (ELISA) para los anticuerpos contra el epítopo GOR (anti-GOR).
- Evaluar la utilidad diagnóstica de anti-GOR para NANBH y su papel potencial en la reducción de la hepatitis post-transfusión.
Principales métodos:
- Aislamiento de un clon de ADNc (GOR47-1) que codifica el epítopo GOR de plasma de chimpancé infectado.
- Desarrollo de un ensayo inmunosorbente vinculado a enzimas (ELISA) para detectar anticuerpos anti-GOR.
- Análisis serológico de cohortes de pacientes que incluyen NANBH aguda, NANBH crónica, cirrosis hepática NANB y carcinoma hepatocelular primario.
- Comparación de la prevalencia de anti-GOR con el estado anti-HCV y la detección de HCV-ARN utilizando la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR).
Principales resultados:
- El epítopo GOR estaba codificado por una secuencia celular huésped, no por secuencias HCV reportadas.
- Se detectaron anticuerpos anti-GOR (IgM e IgG) en un paciente con NANBH aguda.
- Se observó una alta prevalencia de anti-GOR en pacientes con NANBH crónica (81%), cirrosis hepática NANB (65%) y carcinoma hepatocelular NANB (63%).
- Raramente se detectó anti-GOR en pacientes con otras enfermedades hepáticas o en donantes sanos (<10%).
- El ARN del VHC se detectó en la mayoría de los pacientes anti-GOR positivos que fueron negativos para el anti-HCV.
Conclusiones:
- El epítopo GOR representa un marcador derivado del huésped potencialmente asociado con NANBH.
- El anti-GOR ELISA es una herramienta valiosa para el diagnóstico de NANBH, especialmente en casos negativos de anti-HCV.
- La detección de anti-GOR puede ayudar a identificar a las personas en riesgo y reducir la hepatitis post-transfusión.
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