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Filogenia molecular y evolución de la morfología en las amebas sociales
Pauline Schaap1, Thomas Winckler, Michaela Nelson
1School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD15EH Dundee, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 28, 2006
Resumen
Los datos moleculares revelan que la evolución de las amebas sociales (Dictyostelia) muestra una tendencia hacia estructuras fructíferas más grandes y especializadas. Esto sugiere que los rasgos multicelulares complejos pueden ser controlados por unos pocos genes, simplificando la investigación futura.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Biología molecular La biología molecular.
- Ecología microbiana ecología microbiana.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las amebas sociales (Dictyostelia) exhiben diversas formas de multicelularidad condicional.
- Dictyostelium discoideum es un organismo modelo, pero los datos moleculares para otros Dictyostelia son escasos.
- La taxonomía existente de Dictyostelia puede no reflejar las relaciones evolutivas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para construir la primera filogenia molecular de los Dictyostelia.
- Para analizar las tendencias evolutivas en la morfología dictyostelida.
- Identificar los posibles fundamentos genéticos de los complejos rasgos multicelulares.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó conjuntos de datos paralelos de pequeñas subunidades de ARN ribosómico y de genes de a-tubulina.
- Construyó un árbol filogenético molecular para los Dictyostelia.
- Caracteres morfológicos mapeados en la filogenia.
Principales resultados:
- La filogenia molecular requiere una revisión completa de la taxonomía de los dictyostelidos.
- La evolución de Dictyostelid se caracteriza por el aumento del tamaño y la especialización de tipo celular de las estructuras de fructificación.
- Las complejas morfologías del cuerpo frutal han evolucionado independientemente en múltiples ocasiones.
Conclusiones:
- La trayectoria evolutiva de Dictyostelia apunta hacia la simplificación en el control genético de rasgos complejos.
- La evolución independiente de morfologías complejas sugiere un conjunto limitado de genes subyacentes.
- La investigación futura puede centrarse en desentrañar los mecanismos genéticos del desarrollo multicelular en estos organismos.
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