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Diferencias socioeconómicas en las tasas de cesáreas en los países en desarrollo: un análisis retrospectivo
Carine Ronsmans1, Sara Holtz, Cynthia Stanton
1Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. carine.ronsmans@lshtm.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|October 31, 2006
Resumen
El acceso a la cirugía de cesárea que salva vidas varía significativamente según el estatus socioeconómico en los países en desarrollo. Muchas poblaciones pobres tienen un acceso mínimo, mientras que algunas naciones más ricas exceden la necesidad médica, destacando preocupaciones políticas urgentes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Obstetricia y Ginecología.
- Equidad en salud global Equidad en salud global.
- Servicios de salud Investigación Servicios de salud Investigación
Sus antecedentes:
- El acceso al parto por cesárea es fundamental para reducir la mortalidad materna.
- Las disparidades socioeconómicas en el acceso a la cirugía obstétrica esencial son poco conocidas.
- Este estudio investiga las tasas de natalidad por cesárea en diferentes estratos socioeconómicos en los países en desarrollo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar las diferencias socioeconómicas en las tasas de cesárea basadas en la población.
- Identificar las disparidades en el acceso a la cirugía obstétrica que salva vidas.
- Informar la política sobre las intervenciones de salud materna.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó datos de 42 encuestas demográficas y de salud en África, Asia y América Latina.
- Se analizaron las tasas de cesáreas estratificadas por quintiles de riqueza.
- Tasas comparadas entre las poblaciones más ricas y más pobres, incluidos los subgrupos rurales.
Principales resultados:
- Las tasas de cesáreas estaban por debajo del 1% para el 20% más pobre en 20 países.
- En seis países, menos del 1% de la población tenía acceso a cesáreas.
- Siete países, principalmente en América Latina, superaron el umbral del 15% para al menos el 40% de la población.
Conclusiones:
- Existen disparidades significativas, con un acceso mínimo para los más pobres en el África subsahariana.
- Algunos países de ingresos medios demuestran tasas que exceden la necesidad médica.
- Se requiere una atención política urgente a nivel nacional e internacional para abordar estas desigualdades.
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