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Fitoplancton y nubosidad en el Océano Austral
Nicholas Meskhidze1, Athanasios Nenes
1School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. nmeskhidze@ncsu.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 4, 2006
Resumen
Las floraciones de fitoplancton oceánico impactan significativamente las nubes marinas al alterar el tamaño y el número de gotas de nubes. Esta investigación pone de relieve el papel de los aerosoles derivados del isopreno en estos cambios en las propiedades de las nubes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la atmósfera Ciencias atmosféricas.
- Oceanografía La oceanografía es la oceanografía.
- Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
Sus antecedentes:
- La productividad biológica marina, en particular las floraciones de fitoplancton, influye en la composición atmosférica.
- Las nubes marinas juegan un papel crítico en el equilibrio radiativo de la Tierra.
- Las interacciones entre aerosoles y nubes son un área clave de la investigación climática.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el efecto de una floración de fitoplancton en el Océano Austral en las propiedades de las nubes marinas.
- Cuantificar el impacto de la productividad biológica en el forzamiento radiativo de las nubes.
- Identificar los mecanismos que vinculan las emisiones de fitoplancton con las características de las nubes.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó datos de detección remota para analizar las propiedades de las nubes durante una floración de fitoplancton.
- Comparación de la concentración del número de gotas de nubes y el radio efectivo dentro y fuera de la flor.
- Empleó simulaciones de modelos para probar la hipótesis de la influencia secundaria de aerosoles orgánicos derivados del isopreno.
Principales resultados:
- La concentración del número de gotas de nubes se duplicó durante la floración, mientras que el radio efectivo disminuyó en un 30%.
- Se observó un cambio significativo de flujo radiativo negativo de onda corta de -15 W/m2, comparable a las regiones contaminadas.
- Las simulaciones de modelos confirmaron que el aerosol orgánico secundario de isopreno explica completamente los cambios observados en las propiedades de la nube.
Conclusiones:
- Las floraciones de fitoplancton alteran de manera demostrable las propiedades de las nubes marinas a través de cambios en los núcleos de condensación de nubes.
- Los productos de oxidación del isopreno (aerosol orgánico secundario) son una vía clave que une el fitoplancton con la formación de gotas de nubes.
- Esta influencia biológica en las nubes tiene implicaciones sustanciales para el modelado climático y la comprensión de los efectos indirectos de los aerosoles.
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