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Factores que dan forma al comportamiento sexual de los jóvenes: una revisión sistemática
1Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK. Cicely.Marston@lshtm.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|November 7, 2006
Resumen
Los factores sociales y culturales influyen significativamente en el comportamiento sexual de los jóvenes, lo que afecta a los esfuerzos de prevención del VIH. Comprender estos temas es crucial para desarrollar programas efectivos de salud sexual para adolescentes y adultos jóvenes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Sociología Sociología Sociología.
- Psicología Psicología Psicología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Casi la mitad de las nuevas infecciones por VIH en todo el mundo ocurren en individuos de 15 a 24 años.
- Los factores sociales y culturales moldean significativamente el comportamiento sexual de los jóvenes.
- Las estrategias existentes de prevención del VIH a menudo fallan debido a la falta de comprensión de estas influencias.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente la investigación cualitativa sobre el comportamiento sexual de los jóvenes.
- Identificar los temas sociales y culturales clave que influyen en las decisiones de salud sexual.
- Informar a los responsables políticos y guiar la investigación futura en la salud sexual de los adolescentes.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de 268 estudios cualitativos publicados entre 1990 y 2004.
- Análisis temático comparativo de artículos de revistas y libros seleccionados.
- Clasificación de los estudios basados en datos de calidad y empíricos.
Principales resultados:
- Surgieron siete temas clave, incluida la evaluación de la pareja ("limpia" / "no limpia"), la influencia de los pares, el estigma del condón, los estereotipos de género, las recompensas / sanciones sociales, la gestión de la reputación y las barreras de comunicación.
- Estos temas estaban presentes en diversos países y antecedentes culturales.
- Las expectativas sociales impactan significativamente el comportamiento sexual y la comunicación.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos cualitativos ofrecen información crucial sobre el comportamiento sexual de los jóvenes y las razones del sexo inseguro.
- Los responsables políticos deben integrar estos factores sociales y culturales en el diseño del programa de prevención del VIH.
- La investigación futura debe ampliar su alcance para abordar las superposiciones y brechas identificadas.
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