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La planificación familiar: la agenda sin terminar
John Cleland1, Stan Bernstein, Alex Ezeh
1London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1 3DP. John.Cleland@lshtm.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|November 23, 2006
Resumen
Invertir en planificación familiar en naciones con alta tasa de natalidad puede reducir significativamente la mortalidad materna e infantil, la pobreza y el hambre. La revitalización del apoyo global es crucial para estos programas esenciales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud global La salud global.
- Demografía La demografía es la demografía.
- Estudios de desarrollo Estudios de desarrollo Estudios de desarrollo.
Sus antecedentes:
- La promoción de la planificación familiar puede reducir la pobreza, el hambre, la mortalidad materna/infantil e impulsar el empoderamiento de las mujeres.
- El uso de anticonceptivos ha aumentado a nivel mundial, pero sigue siendo bajo en muchos países africanos y de bajos ingresos, lo que lleva a una alta fertilidad y necesidades no satisfechas.
- El logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio está significativamente vinculado a las iniciativas de planificación familiar.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resaltar los beneficios sustanciales de la planificación familiar en los países en desarrollo.
- Subrayar la necesidad urgente de revitalizar la inversión internacional y la promoción de programas de planificación familiar.
- Identificar los factores clave para la eficacia de los programas de planificación familiar y las actuales barreras para su implementación.
Principales métodos:
- El estudio sintetiza la evidencia de cuatro décadas de implementación y resultados de programas de planificación familiar.
- Análisis de las tendencias mundiales en la prevalencia de anticonceptivos, las tasas de fertilidad y las necesidades no satisfechas de planificación familiar.
- Evaluación del impacto de la planificación familiar en la pobreza, el hambre, la mortalidad materna/infantil y los objetivos de desarrollo.
Principales resultados:
- Los programas de planificación familiar han aumentado la práctica anticonceptiva de <10% a 60% y reducido las tasas de fertilidad en los países en desarrollo.
- La mitad de los 75 mayores países de ingresos bajos y medianos bajos muestran bajo uso de anticonceptivos, alta fertilidad y importantes necesidades no satisfechas.
- La financiación internacional y la promoción de la planificación familiar han disminuido en la última década, a pesar de los beneficios probados.
Conclusiones:
- Una mayor inversión en planificación familiar es convincente debido a su contribución transversal a los objetivos de desarrollo.
- Las estrategias de programas efectivos están bien establecidas, pero requieren un mayor estímulo internacional y financiación para su implementación.
- Un obstáculo crítico es la falta de voluntad política para integrar la planificación familiar en la agenda de desarrollo más amplia.
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