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Membrane Fluidity

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is a relatively...

Membrane Fluidity

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.Fatty acids tails of phospholipids can be either saturated or...

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The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich with the analogy of...

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...

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La movilidad lateral de los lípidos y la modulación de la estructura de fase de la membrana mediante la unión a las

Martin B Forstner¹, Chanel K Yee, Atul N Parikh

¹Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|November 23, 2006

Resumen

La unión de la toxina del cólera a los lípidos GM1 en las membranas soportadas altera significativamente la difusión de los lípidos de la sonda y la estructura de la fase de la membrana, especialmente cerca de la temperatura de transición gel-líquido.

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Área de la Ciencia:

La biofísica es la biofísica.
Biofísica de las membranas Biofísica de las membranas.
La espectroscopia es una técnica de espectroscopia.

Sus antecedentes:

La difusión lateral de lípidos y la estructura de fase de la membrana son cruciales para la función celular.
Las interacciones proteína-lípido pueden modular las propiedades de la membrana.
Los modelos de membrana con soporte son valiosos para estudiar el comportamiento de la membrana.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar cómo la unión de la toxina del cólera afecta la difusión lateral lipídica y la estructura de la fase de la membrana.
Para caracterizar la influencia de la unión a las proteínas en la dinámica lipídica en las membranas soportadas.
Para determinar la sensibilidad de estos cambios a la cobertura de proteínas y la temperatura.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizó la espectroscopia de correlación de fluorescencia (FCS) para medir la difusión lateral de lípidos.
Se empleó espectroscopia de absorción infrarroja para analizar la estructura de fase de la membrana.
Investigaron bicapas lipídicas soportadas que incorporan lípidos GM1 y toxina de cólera.

Principales resultados:

La unión de la toxina del cólera a los lípidos GM1 alteró la difusión lateral de largo alcance de los lípidos de la sonda.
Esta alteración de difusión se amplificó cerca de la temperatura de transición gel-líquido (Tm).
Se confirmó que la unión a las proteínas cambia la fracción de lípidos en la fase de gel.

Conclusiones:

La unión de proteínas a lípidos específicos puede inducir cambios significativos en la dinámica de la membrana y el comportamiento de fase.
Estos efectos son particularmente pronunciados cerca de la temperatura de transición de la fase lipídica.
Incluso las bajas densidades de proteínas pueden afectar sustancialmente las propiedades de la membrana.