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El abuso de alcohol en el paciente críticamente enfermo
Marc Moss1, Ellen Lyda Burnham
1Divison of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA. Marc.Moss@uchsc.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|December 26, 2006
Resumen
El abuso de alcohol es común en pacientes de la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), pero a menudo no se diagnostica. El reconocimiento temprano de los trastornos por consumo de alcohol es crucial para un tratamiento eficaz y mejores resultados en pacientes en estado crítico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina de cuidados críticos Medicina de cuidados críticos.
- Psiquiatría de las adicciones Psiquiatría de las adicciones.
- Medicina interna es la medicina interna de las enfermedades.
Sus antecedentes:
- El abuso del alcohol y los trastornos de dependencia son frecuentes en las admisiones a la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), afectando a aproximadamente el 10% de los pacientes.
- Estos trastornos con frecuencia no se diagnostican en el entorno de la UCI.
- Los efectos sistémicos del consumo excesivo de alcohol aumentan la vulnerabilidad o causan directamente enfermedades críticas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Hacer hincapié en la necesidad de la identificación temprana del abuso de alcohol y la dependencia en pacientes en estado crítico.
- Para resaltar el significado pronóstico y terapéutico de los diagnósticos específicos del alcohol.
- Revisar los métodos de detección, la epidemiología, la patogénesis, la presentación clínica y las terapias para los trastornos relacionados con el alcohol en la UCI.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura que se centra en el abuso del alcohol y la dependencia en pacientes en estado crítico.
- Discusión de herramientas de detección para mejorar el diagnóstico.
- Análisis de la epidemiología, la patogénesis y las manifestaciones clínicas de los trastornos relacionados con el alcohol en la UCI.
Principales resultados:
- Los trastornos relacionados con el alcohol son comunes, pero a menudo se pasan por alto en los pacientes de UCI.
- El consumo de alcohol no diagnosticado aumenta la susceptibilidad a enfermedades críticas y complica el manejo.
- Los diagnósticos específicos relacionados con el alcohol tienen implicaciones significativas para el pronóstico del paciente y las estrategias de tratamiento.
Conclusiones:
- La detección temprana y el diagnóstico del abuso de alcohol y la dependencia son vitales para los pacientes de la unidad de cuidados intensivos.
- Reconocer las condiciones específicas del alcohol permite intervenciones terapéuticas adaptadas.
- Abordar los trastornos relacionados con el alcohol es esencial para optimizar la atención y los resultados en los enfermos críticos.
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