Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jul 13, 2026
08:14
Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting
Published on: September 25, 2012
Las alteraciones genómicas microambientales y el comportamiento clínico patológico en el carcinoma de células
Frank Weber1, Yaomin Xu, Li Zhang
1Genomic Medicine Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
JAMA
|January 11, 2007
Resumen
Las alteraciones genómicas en el estroma del carcinoma de células escamosas de cabeza y cuello (CCS) están relacionadas con la agresividad de la enfermedad, particularmente en los fumadores. Estos cambios genéticos específicos del estroma pueden servir como biomarcadores para el pronóstico y los objetivos terapéuticos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Oncología.
- Genética La genética.
- Biología del cáncer Biología del cáncer.
Sus antecedentes:
- La génesis del carcinoma de células escamosas de la cabeza y el cuello (CCS) implica alteraciones genómicas en los componentes epiteliales y mesenquimales.
- El estroma tumoral, aunque aparentemente no es maligno, puede adquirir cambios genéticos que contribuyen a la iniciación y progresión del cáncer.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar alteraciones genómicas específicas del compartimento, específicamente pérdida de heterocigosidad o desequilibrio alélico (LOH/AI).
- Para determinar si las alteraciones genómicas específicas del estroma se correlacionan con la agresividad del SCC de cabeza y cuello.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un análisis de LOH / AI de genoma completo en el epitelio tumoral y el estroma circundante de 122 pacientes con SCC de cabeza y cuello utilizando 366 marcadores microsatélites.
- La microdisección de captura láser y la extracción de ADN se emplearon para el aislamiento preciso y la genotipización del ADN específico del compartimento.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó un alto grado de alteraciones genómicas en el estroma asociado al tumor de pacientes con CCS de cabeza y cuello que eran fumadores.
- Tres loci específicos del estroma (D4S2417, D3S360 y D19555) se asociaron significativamente con el tamaño del tumor (pT) y la metástasis nodal (pN).
- Dos puntos de acceso LOH/AI específicos del epitelio también se correlacionaron con el estado nodal y la etapa clínica.
Conclusiones:
- Las alteraciones genéticas específicas del estroma juegan un papel en el desarrollo del SCC de cabeza y cuello relacionado con el tabaquismo.
- Estos hallazgos ponen de relieve potenciales biomarcadores pronósticos / diagnósticos y nuevos objetivos moleculares para la intervención del cáncer de cabeza y cuello.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:39Mutations
Overview
02:18Cancer
Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
02:07Tumor Progression
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
02:17The Tumor Microenvironment
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
01:35Mutations
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
02:17The Tumor Microenvironment
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...