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La base neuronal de la aversión a la pérdida en la toma de decisiones bajo riesgo
Sabrina M Tom1, Craig R Fox, Christopher Trepel
1Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 27, 2007
Resumen
Los individuos son más sensibles a las pérdidas financieras que a las ganancias. Este estudio encontró patrones de actividad cerebral distintos para las ganancias y pérdidas potenciales, con diferencias neuronales que predicen la aversión a la pérdida conductual.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neuroeconomía es la neuroeconomía.
- Neurociencia de la decisión neurociencia de la decisión.
- La economía del comportamiento es la economía del comportamiento.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los seres humanos exhiben aversión a la pérdida, un sesgo hacia la preferencia de evitar pérdidas sobre la adquisición de ganancias equivalentes.
- Comprender la base neuronal de la aversión a la pérdida es crucial para la investigación de la toma de decisiones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los correlatos neuronales de la aversión a la pérdida durante la toma de decisiones financieras.
- Para identificar las regiones del cerebro sensibles a las ganancias y pérdidas potenciales.
- Examinar la relación entre las medidas neuronales y conductuales de la aversión a la pérdida.
Principales métodos:
- La resonancia magnética funcional (fMRI) se utilizó para monitorear la actividad cerebral.
- Los participantes decidieron si aceptar o rechazar juegos de azar con una probabilidad de 50/50 de ganancia o pérdida financiera.
- Se evaluaron las diferencias individuales en la aversión a la pérdida de comportamiento.
Principales resultados:
- Las regiones cerebrales, incluidas las áreas dopaminérgicas del cerebro medio, mostraron una mayor actividad con el aumento de las ganancias potenciales.
- La actividad disminuyó en estas mismas regiones cuando se enfrentaron a pérdidas potenciales.
- La actividad neuronal en el estriado ventral y la corteza prefrontal predijo diferencias individuales en la aversión a la pérdida conductual.
Conclusiones:
- Diferentes mecanismos neuronales diferencian el procesamiento de las ganancias y pérdidas potenciales.
- Las medidas neuronales de la aversión a la pérdida en áreas clave del cerebro se correlacionan con los sesgos individuales de toma de decisiones.
- Los hallazgos contribuyen a la comprensión de las bases neuronales de la toma de decisiones económicas.
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