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El tabaquismo pasivo y el riesgo de enfermedades del corazón
1National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226.
JAMA
|January 1, 1992
Resumen
El humo ambiental del tabaco (ETS) aumenta significativamente el riesgo de muerte por enfermedad cardíaca para los no fumadores. Esta exposición al humo de segunda mano causa un estimado de 35.000-40.000 muertes anuales en los Estados Unidos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología cardiovascular y epidemiología cardiovascular.
- Ciencias de la Salud Ambiental Ciencias de la Salud Ambiental
Sus antecedentes:
- El humo ambiental del tabaco (ETS) es una preocupación significativa para la salud pública.
- La asociación entre la exposición a ETS y la mortalidad por enfermedades cardíacas en los no fumadores requiere una investigación exhaustiva.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la evidencia que vincula la exposición al humo ambiental del tabaco (ETS) con el aumento del riesgo de muerte por enfermedad cardíaca en los no fumadores.
- Estimar el número anual de muertes por enfermedades cardíacas en los EE.UU. atribuibles a ETS y el riesgo individual para los no fumadores expuestos.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de nueve estudios epidemiológicos y numerosos estudios experimentales.
- Análisis del riesgo relativo, las relaciones dosis-respuesta y el control de los factores de confusión.
Principales resultados:
- Nueve estudios mostraron un riesgo relativo de muerte por enfermedad cardíaca en no fumadores expuestos a ETS que oscila entre 0,9 y 3,0.
- Los estudios experimentales indican que la ETS daña el sistema cardiovascular a través de mecanismos a corto y largo plazo.
- Se estima que 35.000-40.000 muertes anuales en los Estados Unidos por enfermedad isquémica del corazón son atribuibles a la exposición a ETS.
Conclusiones:
- La carga de salud pública de ETS es mayor para las enfermedades del corazón que para el cáncer de pulmón.
- El exceso de riesgos individuales a lo largo de la vida de muerte por enfermedad cardíaca debido a ETS varía de 1 a 3 por 100.
- La exposición al ETS no está regulada por el gobierno federal, excepto para el tráfico aéreo doméstico.
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