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Un examen empírico de la teoría de las etapas del duelo
Paul K Maciejewski1, Baohui Zhang, Susan D Block
1Department of Psychiatry, Women's Health Research, and Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.
JAMA
|February 22, 2007
Resumen
La teoría de la etapa ampliamente aceptada del duelo no fue empíricamente apoyada. Si bien la aceptación fue más común, los indicadores negativos de duelo como el anhelo alcanzaron su punto máximo dentro de los seis meses posteriores a la pérdida.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Psicología Psicología.
- Estudios sobre el duelo Estudios sobre el duelo
- Investigación sobre el duelo.
Sus antecedentes:
- La teoría de las etapas del duelo es un modelo prevalente para el ajuste al duelo, ampliamente enseñado y aplicado.
- Las pruebas empíricas de la teoría de la etapa del dolor han sido limitadas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para examinar empíricamente la teoría de la etapa del dolor.
- Evaluar los patrones de cambio en cinco indicadores de duelo durante 24 meses después de la pérdida.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio longitudinal de cohorte de 233 personas en duelo.
- Datos recopilados durante 24 meses después de la pérdida.
- Se evaluó la incredulidad, el anhelo, la ira, la depresión y la aceptación.
Principales resultados:
- La incredulidad no fue el indicador inicial dominante del dolor; la aceptación fue la más frecuente.
- El anhelo fue el indicador negativo dominante del duelo.
- Los indicadores negativos de duelo (incredulidad, anhelo, ira, depresión) alcanzaron su punto máximo en aproximadamente seis meses después de la pérdida, y la aceptación aumentó con el tiempo.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos desafían la teoría tradicional de las etapas del duelo.
- Comprender los patrones normales de duelo ayuda a identificar a las personas que necesitan una evaluación adicional.
- Los indicadores negativos de duelo más allá de los seis meses posteriores a la pérdida pueden justificar atención clínica.
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